Micro: Eukaryotes

What is the endosymbiotic theory? How does this explain the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Endosymbiotic theory says that mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally free-living bacteria that were engulfed by a larger eukaryotic cell.

Instead of being destroyed, the bacteria lived inside the cell and formed a symbiotic relationship that benefited both organisms.

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Mitochondria and chrolopast still have their own circular DNA, ribosome,.. the same as prokaryotic cells

What are the four major groups of eukaryotes, and how are they different from each other?

• Protists : can be single-celled or multicellular

• Fungi : absorb nutrients; include yeasts and molds

• Plants : generally photosynthetic

• Animals : multicellular and ingest food

Why are the protists no longer classified as one kingdom?

Bcause it extremely diverse

What are protists? What are protozoa?

• Protistic are microscopic, single-cell eukaryotes and incluse protozoa and algae

• Protozoa is single cell, not animal cells but still have ability to move around and eat like animals

What is Plasmodium? Why is this a significant organism?

is a deadliest protozoan in the world which causes malaria

What are the characteristics of algae?

can be single cell or nulticellular

usually photosynthesis

What are some of the characteristics of fungi?

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts and molds.

• yeast: single celled

• molds are ilamentous

What is Candida albicans? Why is this an important organism?

Candida albicans is a yeast/fungus that can cause candidiasis, commonly called a yeast infection.

What are helminths? In which kingdom are they found? What are nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes?

• Helminths are multicellular parasitic worms. They belong to Kingdom Animalia.

• Nematodes is roundworm

• Trematodes is flukes

• Cestodes is tapworm

Give some examples of flatworms, and their role in human disease.

• Trematode:

  • parasitize internal organs such as the blood, liver, and lungs

  • Often have complex life cycles, sometimes involving snails.

• Cestode:

  • parasites in the intestinal tract

  • Are flat and segmented

  • need 2 hosts

Give some examples of nematodes.

• Pinworm: intestinal parasite, lives in colon and leaks to anus at night to lay egg

• Hookworm: live in sandy place

• Heartworm: transfer from mosquito to dog