Final Exam - IB SCA HL

Kennebunk - Final Exam

Anthropology

the study of humans

Ethnography

an account or description of a particular community, culture or society

Ethnocentrism

Believing that one's culture is better/superior to others

Cultural Relativism

The position that the values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect. Extreme relativism argues that cultures should be judged solely by their own standards. / Understanding the behaviors of other cultures, respecting them.

Fieldwork

Anthropoligical method of working in the field- travelling to a field, staying at the location for a period of time

Participant Observation

a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities

Etic

Outsider perspective; analyzing from the outside

Emic

Insider Perspective; analyzing from the inside- why they do what they do

Race

Cultural category based on perceived physical differences. This is used to determine people, to classify them between these differences, and to justify various systems of social stratification.

Status

The position a person has within a social system—this may be ascribed (beyond an individual's control) or achieved (acquired on the basis of merit). Persons' statuses are usually multiple and come with sets of rights, obligations, behaviours and duties that individuals of certain positions are expected to perform.

Social Control

Any means used to maintain behavioral norms and regulate conflict. There are two main types of social control:

Direct: This involves control through explicit rules, laws, and regulations. The state, institutions, and other authorities often execute it.

Indirect: This involves control through social norms and values that are implicitly taught and learned through socialization processes.

Self

The individual's social self is the product of social interaction and not the biological preconditions of that interaction.