Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/40

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Psyc 1100

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

41 Terms

1
New cards
Sensation
The process of detecting and transmitting stimulus energies from the environment to the brain through sensory receptors.
2
New cards
Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense.
3
New cards
Bottom-up processing
Processing of sensory input that begins with external stimuli and moves up to the brain for analysis.
4
New cards
Top-down processing
Processing based on prior knowledge
5
New cards
Sensory receptors
Specialized cells that detect and transmit sensory information to the brain.
6
New cards
Photoreception
The sensory detection of light
7
New cards
Mechanoreception
The detection of pressure
8
New cards
Chemoreception
The detection of chemical stimuli
9
New cards
Absolute threshold
The minimum amount of stimulus energy required for an organism to detect a stimulus.
10
New cards
Difference threshold
The minimum difference between two stimuli that can be detected
11
New cards
Weber's Law
The principle that the JND is a constant proportion of the original stimulus.
12
New cards
Signal detection theory
A theory that explains how we detect stimuli under conditions of uncertainty
13
New cards
Perceptual set
A predisposition to perceive something in a particular way
14
New cards
Sensory adaptation
A reduction in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time.
15
New cards
Cornea
The clear
16
New cards
Iris
The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and the amount of light entering the eye.
17
New cards
Pupil
The opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
18
New cards
Lens
The transparent structure behind the pupil that focuses light on the retina.
19
New cards
Retina
The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye where photoreceptors (rods and cones) are located.
20
New cards
Fovea
The central focal point in the retina
21
New cards
Optic nerve
The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain for visual processing.
22
New cards
Rods
Photoreceptors in the retina sensitive to low light levels
23
New cards
Cones
Photoreceptors in the retina that detect color and are responsible for high-acuity vision.
24
New cards
Visual cortex
The area of the brain where visual information is processed.
25
New cards
Feature detectors
Neurons in the visual cortex that respond to specific features of a stimulus
26
New cards
Trichromatic theory
A theory of color vision that suggests three types of cones are sensitive to red
27
New cards
Opponent-process theory
A theory of color vision that suggests colors are perceived in opposing pairs
28
New cards
Gestalt psychology
A psychological approach that emphasizes that the whole of perception is greater than the sum of its parts.
29
New cards
Figure-ground relationship
A Gestalt principle where we perceive objects (figures) as distinct from their background (ground).
30
New cards
Closure
A Gestalt principle where we mentally fill in gaps to perceive incomplete figures as complete.
31
New cards
Proximity
A Gestalt principle that states objects close to each other are perceived as a group.
32
New cards
Similarity
A Gestalt principle that states objects similar in appearance are perceived as a group.
33
New cards
Perceptual constancy
The perception that objects remain constant and unchanging despite changes in sensory input.
34
New cards
Depth perception
The ability to perceive objects in three dimensions and judge distance.
35
New cards
Binocular cues
Cues for depth perception that involve the use of both eyes
36
New cards
Monocular cues
Cues for depth perception that involve only one eye
37
New cards
Cochlea
A spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for converting sound vibrations into neural signals.
38
New cards
Auditory nerve
The nerve that carries sound information from the cochlea to the brain.
39
New cards
Vestibular sense
The sense responsible for balance and spatial orientation
40
New cards
Kinesthetic sense
The sense of body movement and position
41
New cards
Weber’s Law
The concept that the just noticeable difference (JND) is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus.