Chapter Three: Molecules and Compounds - Organic Compounds

These flashcards cover key concepts related to organic compounds, their classifications, structures, and examples, based on the provided lecture notes.

Organic Compounds

Compounds derived from living things, primarily composed of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).

Inorganic Compounds

Compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from the earth.

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Functionalized Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds that contain additional elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur and have specific functional groups.

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons that can be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and cycloalkanes.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons that contain a benzene ring or similar structures.

Covalent Bonding

A type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons, most commonly formed by carbon atoms in organic compounds.

Examples of Functional Groups

-OH (alcohol), -COOH (carboxylic acid), -NH2 (amine).

Example of Hydrocarbon

Propane (C3H8) is a hydrocarbon commonly used as fuel.

Example of Functionalized Hydrocarbon

Methanol (CH3OH) is a functionalized hydrocarbon with an -OH functional group.

Common Uses of Hydrocarbons

Used in fuels, such as gasoline and propane, as well as in various industrial applications.

Carboxylic Acids

Organic compounds characterized by the -COOH group; a common example is acetic acid.