Lecture 6: Bone Tissue Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Lecture 6 Bone Tissue transcript covering bone classifications, anatomical structures, bone cells, ossification processes, and growth zones.

Long bones

Bones that act as levers for movement.

Short bones

Bones that provide stability and support.

Sesamoid bones

Bones that protect tendons.

Flat bones

Bones that act as attachment sites for muscles and protection of organs.

Irregular bones

Bones that fulfill complex or miscellaneous functions for the body.

Diaphysis

The center shaft region of a bone.

Epiphysis

The two ends of a bone.

Medullary cavity

The hollow inner cavity of a bone.

Compact bone

Tough bone tissue that provides strength.

Osteon

The main unit of compact bone tissue.

Concentric lamellae

Bone rings around an osteon.

Circumferential lamellae

Bone rings around the outside of the bone.

Lacuna

Small holes between bone layers.

Canaliculi

Small channels running from one bone layer to the other.

Central canal

Canal containing blood vessels and nerves that runs vertically through the osteon.

Perforating canals

Canals containing blood vessels and nerves that run horizontally between multiple osteons.

Red marrow

Bone tissue where red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells are created.

Yellow marrow

Adipose connective tissue inside bone that serves as fat storage for energy.

Endosteum

Tissue inside the medullary cavity containing blood vessels to bring in nutrients.

Periosteum

Fibrous outer membrane that anchors tendons and ligaments.

Perforating fibers

Fibers that connect the periosteum to bone.

Articular cartilage

Sheets of hyaline cartilage lining bones between joints that reduce friction during movement and absorb shocks.

Articulate

Two bones coming together to form a joint.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that build bone by secreting collagen and calcium salts.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that reabsorb bone.

Osteocytes

Bone cells found inside each lacuna that aid in maintaining mineral concentration inside the bone.

Osteogenic cells

Bone stem cells that divide to make more osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.

Collagen

A protein that gives bones flexibility.

Calcium salt

A mineral that gives bones strength.

Ossification

The process of creating bone.

Intramembranous ossification

The fast process of building bone by laying minerals onto sheets of mesenchymal (undifferentiated) connective tissue.

Endochondral ossification

The process of building bone by replacing a template of hyaline cartilage.

Chondrocytes

Cartilage cells.

Primary ossification center

Calcified cartilage inside the diaphysis that starts building bone tissue to make real bone.

Secondary ossification center

Ossification area forming at the epiphysis regions after birth during childhood.

Epiphyseal plate

Growth area in children made of hyaline cartilage located in each epiphyseal region.

Zone of reserve

Epiphyseal plate zone where chondrocytes secure the plate to the epiphysis without active growth.

Zone of proliferation

Epiphyseal plate zone where chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis and organize into columns.

Zone of maturation and hypertrophy

Epiphyseal plate zone where chondrocytes stop dividing and begin increasing in size.

Zone of calcification

Epiphyseal plate zone where the cartilage matrix begins to calcify and chondrocytes die off.

Zone of ossification

Epiphyseal plate zone where osteoclasts and osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with mineralized bone tissue.

Epiphyseal line

The ossified structure that remains after the epiphyseal plate finishes growing in length.

Appositional growth

The process of bones growing in diameter.