Acid and bases

Lewis Acid

An acid that is an electron pair acceptor.

Lewis Base

A base that is an electron pair donor.

Protonated Form

The form of a molecule that has a proton available to donate.

Deprotonated Form

The form of a molecule that has lost its proton.

Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Commonly known as baking soda; used as an antacid and source of CO2.

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Also known as Lye; used in petroleum processing, soap, and plastic manufacturing.

Corrosive

Describes substances that can damage materials.

pH Scale

A scale used to express the concentration of acids (pH < 7) and bases (pH > 7).

Amphoteric Compound

A substance that can react as both an acid and a base.

Strong Acids

Acids that fully dissociate in water, such as HCl and HNO3.

Strong Bases

Bases that fully dissociate in water, such as NaOH and KOH.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair

Two substances that differ only by the presence or absence of a proton (H+).

Sour Taste

A characteristic taste of acids.

Bitter Taste

A characteristic taste of bases.

Litmus Paper

A paper used to test the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Hydronium Ion (H3O+)

The ion that forms when H+ ions react with water.

Dissociate

To break down into ions in solution.

Monoprotic Acid

An acid that can donate only one proton per molecule.

Diprotic Acid

An acid that can donate two protons per molecule.

Triprotic Acid

An acid that can donate three protons per molecule.