PSY130-exam 1

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19 Terms

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Fine motor skills
Involves coordination of small muscles for tasks like pincer grasp, writing, and tying shoes.
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Gross motor skills
Involves coordination of large muscles for activities such as crawling, walking, jumping, and climbing.
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Crawling emergence
Typically emerges at around 7-9 months.
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Walking emergence
Typically emerges at around 12 months.
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Probabilistic epigenesis
The idea that new development acquisitions generate experiences that create conditions for further developmental changes.
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Object permanence
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
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A-not-B error
A phenomenon where infants search in location A rather than the new location B where an object is hidden.
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Peekaboo
A game often used to demonstrate a child's understanding of object permanence.
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Rene Spitz
Studied children in English founding homes, finding cognitive and social deficits despite basic physical needs being met.
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Romanian Orphanages
Orphans in Romania received basic care but little social or intellectual stimulation, impacting their development.
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Secondary circular reactions
Piaget's substage of cognitive development where infants interact with objects outside themselves (4-8 months).
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Tertiary circular reactions
Piaget's substage of cognitive development involving systematic variation of actions (12-18 months).
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Symbolic representation
The ability to use symbols, such as language, to represent objects or ideas (Piaget's substage 6, 18-24 months).
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Violation-of-expectation studies
Research method used to test infants' understanding of object permanence by observing their reactions to impossible events.
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Statistical learning
The ability of infants to track the statistics of their experiences and identify patterns.
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Self-moving objects
Objects that move independently, which infants understand have internal forces.
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Cognitive development stages
Piaget's theory consists of stages that explain how children understand and interact with the world.
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Executive resources
The cognitive resources available to infants to plan and execute series of actions.
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Object categorization
The ability of infants to categorize objects based on shared characteristics.