ANATOMY: Scalp and Muscles of the Head

SCALP

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose Aerolar tissue

Periosteum

Contains emissary veins that connect the cranial venous sinuses to extracranial veins

Loose aerolar connective tissue

Blood supply of the scalp

Supratrochlear and supraorbital branches of the internal carotid

Innervates the muscles of facial expression

Facial Nerve CNVII

Sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation to the muscles of mastication.

Trigeminal nerve V

Muscle surrounding the eye socket and extends to the eyelid

Orbicularis oculi

gently closes the eyelids

Palpebral part

Drainage of tears

Lacrimal part

Tightly closes the eyelids

Orbital part

Posterior to the orbicularis oculi

Corrugator supercilii

Largest nasal muscle

Nasalis

Originate from the maxilla. Compresses the nasal opening

Tranverse part

Widens the nasal opening

Alar part

Most superior of the nasal muscle. Pulls the eyebrows

Procerus

Main sphincter muscle of lips

Orbicularis oris

Innervation of obicularis oris

Buccal branches of the facial nerve

Square shaped muscle between maxilla and mandible

Buccinator

Extends from the neck to the lower face

Platysma

Muscles of mastication

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

Most powerful muscle of mastication

Masseter

Action of lateral pterygoid

Protraction of the mandible and depression of the chin

Nerve supply of the face

Trigeminal nerve

Facial nerve

sensory innervation to the forehead, upper eyelid, and anterior scalp

Opthalmic nerve

Sensory innervation to the middle of the face including cheeks, upper lip, lateral nose

Maxillary nerve

Sensory innervation to the lower face including lower lip, chin, and haa and innervation to the muscles of mastication

Mandiblar nerve

Motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, taste, sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Facial nerve

The maun trunk of CNVII runs anteriorlya nd is engulfed by the ______

Parotid gland

Contains secretomotor fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands. Tatse fibers to the anterior 2/3 tongue and floor of the mouth

Chorda tympani

External Carotid

Superior thyroid

Ascending pharyngeal

Lingual

Facial

Occipital

Posteriors auricular

Maxillary

Superfical temporal

Branch of external carotid artery which is one of the major arteries supplying blood to the head and neck

Facial artery

Runs upward to the ear supplying blood to the temple area, scalp, and forehead

Superior temporal artery

Supplies blood to the deeper structures of the face including muscles of mastication as well as nose and cheeks

Maxillary artery

Formed by the union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins

Retromandibular