Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerve

1

Dura Mater

What is the function of dura mater

allow blood to leave your brain, allow cerebrospinal fluid to re-enter the circulation

2

Arachnoid Mater

What is the function of arachnoid mater

contribute to the cerebrospinal fluid and act as a barrier

3

Pia Mater

What is the function of Pia Mater

many blood vessels pass through to supply brain tissue with blood, contain the cerebrospinal fluid

Gray Matter

site for integration (summing) EPSP and IPSP

4

Posterior horn

What is the function of posterior horn

process sensory information

5

anterior horn

what is the function of anterior horn

motor output center

6

Lateral horn

What is the function of lateral horn

autonomic nervous system

7

gray commissure

what is the function of gray commissure

bridge, passage of information between two hemispheres

white matter

dozen major sensory and motor tracts, it is the highway which sensory input travels to the brain

9

posterior white funculus

What is the function posterior white funculus

transmit sensory information

10

lateral white funiculus

What is the function of lateral white funiculus

sensory and motor function

14

anterior white funiculus

What is the function of anterior white funiculus

ascending and descending pathways, sensory information

11

posterior median sulcus

What is the posterior median sulcus

seperate the posterior fulcus, shallow groove

12

anterior medial fissure

What is the function of anterior median fissure

midline symmetrical right and left halves and extend a long it length

13

central canal

What is the function for central canal

has cerebrospinal fluid. transport nutrient to spinal cord

1

Dorsal root

What is the function of dorsal root

return sensory information to the CNS

2

dorsal root ganglion

What is the function of dorsal root ganglion

sensory neurons, cluster of nerve cells, pain, touch, temperature

3

ventral root

What is the function of ventral root

motor signals

4

spinal nerve

What is the function of spinal nerve

communication mixture sensory and motor

5

intervertbral foramen

what is the function of intervertebral foramen

carry sensory and motor signals to all part of the body

6

dorsal ramus

what is the function of dorsal ramus

carry both motor and sensory information back of the body

7

ventral ramus

what is the function of ventral ramus

sensory and motor to trunk and the limbs

Cervical Plexus 1

phrenic

Brachial Plexus 2

musculocutaneous

3

axillary

4

median

5

radial

6

ulnar

lumbar plexus 7

femoral

8

obturator

sacral plexus 9

sciatic

10

tibial

11

common peroneal (fibular)

12

pudendal

Tell me the function and innervation of phrenic nerve

it supplies nerves to diaphragm and provides motor and sensory information to it

Tell me about the function and innervation of musculocutaneous nerve

control motor movement in the arm and sensory input for the forearm, bicep brachii

Tell me the function and innervation of axillary nerve

innervates both muscle and skin, motor function to deltoid

Tell me the function and innervation of median nerves

motor and sensory in the forearm and upperlimb and wrist

Tell me about the function and innervation of radial nerve

muscle on the back of the arm and provide sensory infor for the back of the hand and forearm

what is the function and innervation of ulnar?

motor and sensory info of forearm and hand

what is the function and innervation of femoral nerve

innervate muscle that allow hip flexion, motor and sensory functions

what is the function and innervation of a obturator nerve

motor and sensory to thigh and adductor muscles

what is the function and innervation of sciatic nerve

motor and sensory information in the lower leg and foot

what is the function and innervation of tibial nerve

innervate muscle for plantar flexion, sensory information

what is the function and innervation of common peroneal (fibular) nerve

motor innervation of the leg muscle and sensory

what is the function and innervation of pudendal nerve

sensory and motor information for the pelvis

Reflex Pathways

neural pathways for responses to stimuli

Monosynaptic

single synapse

Stretch Reflex

tapping on tendons, like a knee jerk

Polysynaptic

two type of neurons, one CNS synapse

Withdrawal Reflex

pain, so stepping on a tack you withdrawal the leg

Crossed Extensor Reflex

maintain balance from withdrawing the limb

Spinal Tract

carrying message to the body

Funiculi (fibers tracts)

big bundle of nerve fibers

Fibers usually corss over to the

contralateral side

tracts involve a relay of consisting of

two or three neurons

tracts are

somatotopically mapped

tracts are paired

bilateral

Ascending pathways

going up the spinal cord

Fasiculus cuneatus and gracilis

detect pressure and proprioception

spinothalamic

detect temperature and pain

spinocerebellar

detect proprioception

Descending pathways

motor highways sending messages from brain to the muscles

Pyramidal

voluntary movement

lateral and anterior corticospinal

control motor activity on the contralateral side

extrapyramidal

motor pathways

tectospinal (lateral funiculus)

control the head during auditory and visual reflexes

rubrospinal (lateral funiculus)

control limb muscles on the contralateral side