State Board Study Guide

Someone who smokes an e-cigarette that contains nicotine will experience ________.

Contraction of the blood vessels

When kissing her girlfriend, Jamie notices her underarms smell more strongly. This is due to the production of her _________.

apocrine glands

What fibrous, connective tissue is made from protein and is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

collagen

The part of the skin that insulates is known as _______.

adipose tissue

Blood Vessels, but NOT lymph vessels are located in the ________.

papillary layer

Every minute, the human skin sheds _______cells.

30,000

Eumelanin can be distinguished by an appearance that is __________.

Dark brown to black

Protein structures are altered and biological activity is decreased by _________.

glycation

The scientific field that studies the structure and composition of the skin tissue is ______.

Skin histology

One example of a motor nerve functioning is ______.

goose bumps

The most sensory nerve fibers in the skin are located in ______.

fingertips

Lymph does NOT assist the body with _______.

Supplying nutrients to the skin

Someone who is pubescent might have an acne breakout because of stimulated _________.

sebaceous glands

The type of light wavelength that ranges between 320 and 400 nanometers and penetrates deep into the skin is ______.

UVC radiation

Virus-infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells are all combated by _______.

T Cells

The oil and water balance that protects the skin's surface is called _____.

Hydrilipidic film

What does the term epidermal growth factor refer to?

A hormone that stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal

Damage to what function of the skin causes skin dehydration?

Barrier function of the skin

What term does not refer to an esthetician who specializes in the beauty and health of skin?

histologist

What enzyme stimulates melanocytes?

tyrosinase

The dermis contains a layer called ______.

subcutaneous layer

UVA radiation does NOT ___________.

Cause Sunburn

What do the natural antioxidants in the skin help to prevent damage from?

free radicals

The small, cone-shaped structures at the bottom of hair follicles are called ______.

hair papilla

Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation all help the skin with ______.

heat regulation

Isabel is a young woman with a normal rate of hair growth and hasn't gotten a haircut for the past four months. How much has her hair likely grown?

3 inches

Phytoestrogens are created by the chemical processes of ______.

plants

Another term for the horny layer is the _______.

stratum corneum

Oil is secreted by ______.

sebaceous glands

The cell that produces skin pigment granules in the basal layer is called _________.

melanocyte

The outermost layer of skin is called the _______.

epidermis

Excretion is a function of the skin's _________.

the sudoriferous glands

All of the following cels are replaced every six to nine months EXCEPT ____________.

Collagen Cells

What is microcirculation?

The circulation of blood from the heart to arterioles, to capillaries, to venules, and then back to the heart

What is water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface?

Transepidermal water loss

What is also known as aging rays?

UVA radiation

The oil glands are also known as _________.

sebaceous glands

When a dead protein cell that is dried out and lacks nuclei. It is called __________.

Corneocyte

Compared to Beta keratin, Alpha keratin __________.

is softer

Why might a client have lighter skin that her esthetician?

The client's melanocytes produce less melanin than her esthetician

The harmful effects of pollution will not be counteracted by ________.

Sun exposure

Hard keratin makes up ______ percent of human hair.

90

What works to hydrate the skin?

hyaluronic acid

What is another name for motor nerves?

efferent nerves

The two types of nerves are called _________.

sensory and motor

A client who has a scar under her arm ____________.

will never grow hair on that part of the underarm

The white blood cell that digests and kills bacteria and parasites with its enzyme is called a ______________.

leukocyte

What is a part of both hair and skin?

melanin

What is sebum?

An oil that provides protection for the epidermis and lubricates the skin and the hair

Melanin production is stimulated by _______.

Exposure to sunlight

The nail structure is partially composed of ______.

hyponychium

Skin is strengthened by a protein substance of complex fibers called ________.

collagen

the glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function are collectively known as ________.

Ceramides

What type of skin is healthy?

smooth

Body tissues come from the basic building blocks known as ____.

proteins

What term encompasses the protective layer that is comprised of cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings?

epidermis

What is true of the growth rate of fingernails?

It is faster over the summer

Healthy skin is ______.

slightly acidic

Sarah is feeling hot and her forehead is sweaty, which is a result of her________.

Eccrine Glands

The layer of the epidermis that contains cells filled with keratin that resemble little grains is the __________.

stratum granulosum

The part of the skin which is located next to the epidermis is the _______.

papillary layer

Abel is shivering with cold and goose bumps appear on his arms. This is an example what part of the body working?

arrector pili muscles

What comprises 50-70 percent of the skin?

water

What is telangiectasia?

A condition in which capillaries have been damaged and are now larger blood vessels

What condition, related to circulation, causes the skin under the nails to turn purplish or blue?

cyanosis

What part of the body comprises the five sections known as the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum?

epidermis

What is considered a part of the nail structure?

cuticle

What is true of collagen and elastin production over time?

Collagen and elastin levels both decrease

Where does cell mitosis occur?

stratum germinativum

What is an apocrine gland?

A coiled structure attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital area that secretes sweat

What does the term subcutaneous layer refer to?

A protective cushion and energy storage for the body

What skin function helps synthesize Vitamin D from sunlight?

absorption

One example of sensory nerve functioning is ________.

reaction to cold

The body's largest organ is ________.

The skin

Afferent nerves is another term for _______.

sensory nerves

What is a result of drinking too much alcohol?

hyperpigmentation

What are the building blocks of tissues?

Proteins, which are built by amino acids

The ability for skin to stretch and return to firmness is caused by _____.

elastin

What is true of all hair on the human body?

It is an appendage of the skin

The sweat gland that is found all over the body and contains openings on the skin is called the ________.

Eccrine gland

Sunburn and cancer are caused by _______ rays.

UVB

What function of the skin is connected the most closely to stress reduction in older adults?

sensation

The technical term for the nail is ______.

Onyx

The type of melanin that is red and yellow in color is called ______.

Pheomelanin

When capillaries have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels, a condition known as ______ is present.

Telangiectasia

What does exfoliation removes and deplete?

lipids

Skin irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss are prevented by the _______.

barrier function

A Neuron is ________.

The basic cell of the nervous system

Blood is sent from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated in a process known as ________.

pulmonary circulation

When is oxygen absorbed into the blood?

inhalation

Where are phalanges found?

The Hands

The Zygomaticus minor is a muscle of the ________.

mouth

The integumentary system ________.

contains sensory receptors

As one of the major organs, the kidneys have the function of _________.

Excreting urine

A gland is ______.

a specialized organ that produces chemicals necessary for the body to function optimally

Which of the following is the fluid part of blood that contains 90% water and acts as a delivery system?

plasma

The skeletal system does NOT ________.

contract and move parts of the body

What part of the cell is the nucleus?

The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell

The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen without the aid of a microscope is called _____.

anatomy

Ingestion is the process of ______.

taking food into the body