CHEM 161 Ch 13

Ion-dipole (40-600)

strongest IMF, an ion and a polar molecule

Hydrogen bond

second strongest type of dipole-dipole force, occurring when H is bonded to N, O, or F

ion-induced dipole

charged ion temporarily creates a dipole in a nearby nonpolar molecule

dipole-induced dipole

a polar molecule (with a permanent dipole) and a nonpolar molecule, where the polar molecule's electric field distorts the nonpolar molecule's electron cloud

london dispersion

a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

Molarity (M)

Mols solute/ L of solution

Molality (m)

mol of solute/mass (kg) solvent

parts by mass

mass of solute/ mass of solution

parts by volume

volume of solute/ volume of solution

mole fraction (X- unitless)

mol of solute/ mol of solute + mol of solvent

Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the lowest osmotic pressure?

0.05 m CaSO4

Determine the freezing point of a solution that contains 0.31 mol of sucrose in 175 g of water; Kf=1.86 C/m

-3.3 C