Intro Addiction

Purity in Food and Drug Act

Passed in 1906 to prohibit adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. Marked the beginning of federal consumer protection and laid the foundation for the modern FDA.

Peer Support Groups / Self-Help Groups

Peer-led recovery groups that provide encouragement, accountability, and social support.

Peer Support Groups / Self-Help Groups Examples

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), SMART Recovery, Celebrate Recovery, Al-Anon, Nar-Anon.

Juvenile Diversionary Court

A rehabilitation-focused court that diverts youth from incarceration into treatment, counseling, education, and supervision to reduce repeat offending.

Contingency Management

A behavioral treatment that rewards positive behaviors such as negative drug tests and treatment attendance.

Contingency Management Evidence

Strong evidence supports contingency management, especially for stimulant use disorders.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Teaches that thoughts influence emotions and behaviors.

Goals of CBT

Identify triggers, challenge distorted thinking, build coping skills, and prevent relapse.

Solution-Focused Counseling

A brief therapy emphasizing strengths, exceptions, and solutions rather than problems.

Solution-Focused Counseling Goals

Help clients build on successes and establish realistic, achievable goals.

Models of Addiction

Includes disease, moral, learning/behavioral, cognitive, family systems, sociocultural, public health, and biopsychosocial models.

Most Common Modern Model of Addiction

The biopsychosocial model.

Family Systems Theory

Views addiction as affecting the entire family rather than only the individual.

Family Roles in Addiction

Hero, Scapegoat, Mascot, Lost Child, Enabler/Caretaker.

CDC Top Five Public Health Challenges (2011)

Tobacco use, substance abuse, obesity/poor nutrition and inactivity, infectious diseases, injury/violence prevention.

Mental Health Parity

Requires insurance coverage for mental health and substance use disorders to be comparable to medical and surgical benefits.

Workaholism

A process addiction characterized by compulsive, excessive work despite harm to relationships, health, and well-being.

Comorbidity

The presence of both a substance use disorder and another mental or physical disorder.

Best Practice for Comorbidity

Integrated treatment addressing both disorders simultaneously.

Compulsive Buying Disorder

A behavioral addiction involving repetitive, uncontrollable purchasing despite financial or personal harm.

The Big Book

The Alcoholics Anonymous text first published in 1939.

Purpose of The Big Book

Explains alcoholism, the Twelve Steps, recovery stories, and AA philosophy.

Gambling Disorder

The only behavioral addiction officially recognized in the DSM-5.

Symptoms of Gambling Disorder

Loss of control, chasing losses, lying about gambling, continuing despite negative consequences.

Stages of Change

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Relapse (sometimes included).

Precontemplation Stage

Client does not yet recognize a problem or need for change.

Contemplation Stage

Client recognizes a problem but is ambivalent about changing.

Preparation Stage

Client plans and prepares to take action.

Action Stage

Client actively changes behavior.

Maintenance Stage

Client works to sustain behavioral change and prevent relapse.

Relapse

Returning to previous behaviors after a period of change; viewed as part of the recovery process by many models.

Resistant Clients

Resistance often reflects ambivalence rather than defiance.

Motivational Interviewing with Resistant Clients

Uses empathy, rolling with resistance, and supporting client autonomy.

Sex Addiction

Compulsive sexual behaviors that continue despite negative consequences.

Treatment for Sex Addiction

CBT, relapse prevention, and peer support groups are commonly used.

ACA Code of Ethics (Scope of Practice)

Counselors practice within their boundaries of competence.

ACA Code of Ethics (Training)

Counselors obtain proper training before providing specialized services.

ACA Code of Ethics (Referral)

Counselors make referrals when client needs exceed their competence.

ACA Code of Ethics (Client Welfare)

Protecting client welfare is the counselor's primary responsibility.

Mental Status Examination (MSE)

A structured evaluation of a client's current psychological functioning.

Mental Status Exam Components

Appearance, behavior, mood, affect, speech, thought process, thought content, cognition, insight, judgment.

Screening

A brief process used to identify individuals who may have a problem requiring further evaluation.

Assessment

A comprehensive evaluation used for diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making.

Difference Between Screening and Assessment

Screening identifies possible problems; assessment provides detailed clinical information.

Continuity of Care

Coordinated services throughout treatment to reduce relapse and improve recovery outcomes.

ASAM Levels of Care

Matches treatment intensity to individual client needs.

ASAM Early Intervention

Services designed for individuals at risk before a diagnosable substance use disorder develops.

ASAM Outpatient

Standard counseling services while clients continue living at home.

ASAM Intensive Outpatient (IOP)

More structured treatment with multiple sessions per week while living at home.

ASAM Residential Treatment

24-hour structured care in a non-hospital setting.

ASAM Medically Managed Inpatient

Highest level of care providing 24-hour medical and psychiatric supervision.

Disease Model of Addiction

Addiction is considered a chronic, progressive disease requiring ongoing management.

Moral Model of Addiction

Views addiction as the result of poor choices or moral weakness.

Learning/Behavioral Model of Addiction

Addiction develops through reinforcement, conditioning, and learned behaviors.

Cognitive Model of Addiction

Focuses on maladaptive thoughts and beliefs that contribute to substance use.

Sociocultural Model of Addiction

Emphasizes environmental, cultural, and social influences on addiction.

Public Health Model of Addiction

Focuses on prevention, population health, and reducing harm.

Biopsychosocial Model

Explains addiction as the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.