M5T5-M6T6-M7T7

Physical self-concept

is the individual's perception of themselves in areas of physical ability and appearance.

Physical ability

includes concepts such as physical strength and endurance, while appearance refers to attractiveness.

Sexual self-concept

defined as an individual's evaluation of his or her own sexual feelings and actions--is proposed as an important predictor of contraceptive behavior among teenagers, and a scale measuring the concept is described.

The gonads

(reproductive glands that produce the gametes; testis or ovary) begin to form until about the eighth week of embryonic development.

testosterone

The formation of male or female structures depends on the presence of _________

embryonic testes

it releases testosterone, and the formation of the duct system

and external genitalia follows.

Female embryos

that form ovaries will cause the development of the female ducts and external genitalia since testosterone hormone is not produced.

strange abnormalities:

Any intervention with the normal pattern of sex hormone production in the embryo results in _________________

Pseudohermaphrodites

are formed who are individuals having accessory reproductive structures that do not “match” their gonads;

Hermaphrodites

are individuals who possess both ovarian and testicular tissues

but this condition is rare in nature.

gonadal hormones

Puberty is the period of life when the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of rising levels of _______ (testosterone in males and estrogen in females).

Vaginal infections

are more common in young and elderly women and in those

whose resistance to diseases is low.

Escherichia coli

which spread through the digestive tract; the sexually transmitted microorganisms such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and herpes virus; and yeast (a type of fungus)

Painful or abnormal menses

may also be due to infection or hormone imbalance.

Tumors

______ of the breast and cervix are the most common reproductive cancers in adult females.

Orchiditis

or inflammation of the testes, can cause sterility and most commonly follows mumps in an adult male.

Prostate cancer

(a common sequel to prostatic hypertrophy) is a widespread

problem in adult males.

Erogenous Zones

They refer to parts of the body that are primarily receptive and increase sexual

arousal when touched in a sexual manner.

Human Sexual Behavior

It is defined as any activity—solitary, between two persons, or in a group—that

induces sexual arousal.

Solitary Behavior

Self-gratification means self-stimulation that leads to sexual arousal and generally, sexual climax; most self-gratification takes place in private as an end in itself.

Sociosexual Behavior

Heterosexual behavior is the greatest amount of sociosexual behavior that occurs between only one male and one female. It usually begins in childhood and may be motivated by curiosity, such as showing or examining genitalia.

Excitement phase

There is increase in pulse and blood pressure, and skin temperature. Flushing and swelling of all distensible body parts are also experienced. Symptoms of arousal eventually increase to a near maximal physiological level that leads to the next stage.

Plateau phase.

___________ is generally of brief duration. If stimulation is continued, orgasm

usually occurs.

Sexual climax

It is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure.

Resolution phase

It is the last stage that refers to the return to a normal or subnormal physiologic state.

hypothalamus
lower spinal cord

• The autonomic system is involved in controlling the involuntary responses.

• The __________and the limbic system are the parts of the brain believed to be responsible for regulating the sexual response.

• The _____________ leads to erection and ejaculation for male, and vaginal discharges and lubrication for female when the genital and perineal areas are stimulated.

Physiological problems

Diseases that are due to abnormal development of the genitalia or that part of the neurophysiology controlling sexual response;

Psychological problems

Caused by socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes, ignorance, and sexual myths held by society;

Premature emission

________________ of semen is a common problem, especially for young males;

Erectile impotence

is almost always of psychological origin in males under 40; in older males, physical causes are more often involved;

Ejaculatory impotence

which results from the inability to ejaculate in coitus, is uncommon and is usually of psychogenic origin.

Vaginismus .

is a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constricting the female reproductive organ so that penetration is painful or impossible

Russel Belk

posits that “...we regard our possessions as part of ourselves. We are what

we have and what we posses.”

William James

He said that understanding the self can be examined through its different

components:

(1) its constituents;

(2) the feelings and emotions they arouse—self-feelings;

(3) the actions to which they prompt—self-seeking and self-preservation

material, social,
spiritual self,
pure ego

The constituents of self are composed of the __________________________

bodies
clothes
immediate family
home.

The material self, according to James primarily is about

our

higher
2012

People who are religious have _____ self-esteem and better psychological adjustment than people who aren't, according to a January ______ (yr) study.

Buddhism

Life is not a bed of roses. Instead, there are suffering, pain, and frustration. This reactive cycle can be broken through the practice of mediation, acquiring more wisdom and deeper understanding, and acceptance of things as they are.

Samatha

_________ is practiced as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving

kindness;

Vipassana

__________ practices aim at developing insight into reality.

Dharma

Acquiring wisdom is by studying Buddha’s teaching, the _______

February

Parinirvana Day in ________

May

Buddha Day (Wesak) in _______

July

Dharma Day in ________

October

Padmasambhava Day in _____

November.

Sangha Day in ___________

Christianity

• Christians believe in Trinitarian God, one God in three personas: God the Father (Creator), God the Son (Savior), and God the Holy Spirit (Sustainer).

• Eternal life after death will be achieved through faith in Jesus Christ.

• The Holy Bible is a selection of books, which is divided into two ‒ the Old Testament and New Testament.

Hinduism

• Hindus believe that existence is a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, governed by Karma, a concept where the reincarnated life will depend on how the past life was

  spent.

• Vedas are sacred scriptures of Hindus. Mahabharata and Ramayana are two other important texts of the Hindus.

Diwali
Navrati

______ is the Festival of Lights. ________ is the festival of nine nights, which celebrate the triumph of good over evil. Hindus have set dates to honor particular manifestations of God.

Islam

• Islam means “willing submission to God ” Muslims believe in Allah, who is their “One God”, in the unity and universality of God, that Mohammed is the last and final prophet sent by God.

• The Holy Book of Islam is called the Quran.

Shahadah

_________ statement of faith: “There is no God but the one true God and Mo-

hammed is his messenger.

Salat

– the prayer that is practiced five times a day.

Zakat

– the monetary offering for the benefit of the poor. It comprises the 2.5% of a

Muslim’s assets.

Hajj

– the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca. Muslims who can afford are asked to do the

pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime.

Sawm

– the fasting. Muslims do fasting, from food, drink, and sexual act, during the

celebration of Ramadan. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. The

fast is from dawn to sunset.

Judaism

• The Jews believe in the God of Abraham, in the coming of Messiah, the Savior.

• The sacred scripture of the Jews is called the Torah or the Law.

There are five major festivals observed by the Jews:

• Rosh Hashanah – the New Year

• Yom Kippur – the Day of Atonement

• Pesach – Passover

• Shavuot – Pentecost

• Sukkot – Tabernacles

Logotherapy

A psychotherapy introduced by Dr. Viktor Frankl “Man’s primary motivational

force is search for meaning.” Uses the philosophy of optimism in the face of tragedy.

Franklian Psychology

The ________________ has the basic concepts:

• Life has meaning under all circumstances.

• The main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life.

• Freedom to find meaning.