emt 28-29 module 7 exam

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who?

are in a sitting position and are clinically stable

an epidural hematoma is most accurately defined as?

bleeding between the skull and dura mater

Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the?

cerebellum

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion?

involves physical injury to the brain tissue

once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless?

it causes a problem managing the airway.

Signs and symptoms that might be found in a patient who has experienced a concussion include?

nausea and ringing in the ears

The ____________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

peripheral

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the?

brain and spinal cord

The frontal and parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to?

depressed skull fractures

the hormone responsible for the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is?

epinephrine

the ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is?

the four-person log roll

the most reliable sign of a head injury is?

a decreased level of consciousness

the spinal cord is encased in and protected by the?

spinal canal

the tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the?

dura mater

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

somatic

when a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she?

might lose sensation below the level of the injury

when opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the?

jaw-thrust maneuver

When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's __________ is in charge of all patient movements.

head

which of the following interventions may be used to help reduce intracranial pressure?

30-degree elevation of the head

you should be most suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is?

slow

the brain, a part of the central nervous system (CNS), is divided into the?

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

as you are assessing a 24-year-old man with a large laceration to the top of his head, you should recall that?

blood loss from a scalp laceration may contribute to hypovolemic shock in adults

a patient who experiences an immediate loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval has a(n)?

epidural hematoma

a 44-year-old man was struck in the back of the head and was reportedly unconscious for approximately 30 seconds. He complains of a severe headache and "Seeing stars," and states that he regained his memory shortly before your arrival. His presentation is MOST consistent with a(n)?

concussion

A young male was involved in a motor vehicle accident and experienced a closed head injury. He has no memory of the events leading up to the accident, but remember s that he was going to a birthday party. What is the correct term to use when documenting his memory loss?

retrograde amnesia

a distraction injury to the cervical spine would MOST likely occur following?

hanging-type mechanisms

during immobilization of a patient with a possible spinal injury, manual stabilization of the head must be maintained until?

the patient is fully immobilized on a long backboard

your patient is a 21-year-old male who has massive face and head trauma after being assaulted. He is lying supine, is semiconscious, and has blood in his mouth. You should?

manually stabilize his head, log roll him onto his side, and suction his mouth

A man is found slumped over the steering wheel, unconscious and making snoring sounds, after an automobile accident. His head is turned to the side and his neck is flexed. You should?

manually stabilize his head and move it to a neutral, in-line position

You should NOT remove an injured football player's helmet if?

the face guard can easily be removed and there is no airway compromise

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is most effectively controlled with:

overed by :

Select one:

A. digital pressure to an adjacent pulse point

B. pressure dressings and chemical ice packs.

C. direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.

• D. ice packs and elevation of the patient's head.

C

Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:

)Out

red snippets

Select one:

O A. bleeding must be controlled early.

@ B of the risk for airway problems.

C. swelling might mask hidden injuries

D. the spine might be injured as well.

B

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are most

important because:

out

red snippets

T

Select one:

© A. such injuries can affect the respiratory system.

B. they lend credibility to your documentation.

O C. hospital staff require frequent patient updates.

O D. rapid facial swelling might mask hidden injuries.

A

The Adam's apple is:

out

red snippets

Select one:

A. the small indentation in between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages.

B. below the thyroid cartilage and forms the upper part of the trachea.

G. the lower part of the larynx that is formed by the cricoid cartilage.

D. the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

D

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

Select one:

• A. optic chiasma.

B. lacrimal gland

C. corneal duct.

D. posterior orbit.

B

The cricoid cartilage:

If are covered by :

Select one:

O A. is easier to see and palpate than the thyroid cartilage.

O B. lies superior to the thyroid cartilage in the neck.

© C. is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

O D. lies superior to the cricothyroid membrane in the neck

C

The eveball itself is referred to as the:

D

Select one:

O A. sclera.

O B. cornea.

O C. orbit.

• D. globe.

D

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are

covered by a delicate membrane called the:

Select one:

O A. sclera.

O B. conjunctiva

O C. retina

O D. cornea.

B

The lower jawbone is called the:

bout

tured snippets

Select one:

O A. zygoma.

O B. mandible.

0 C. mastoid.

O D. maxillae.

B

The mastoid process is located approximately:

About

atured snippets

Select one:

© A. 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear.

O B. 1 inch inferior to the external opening of the ear.

O C. 1 inch posterior to the angle of the mandible.

O D. ½ inch anterior to the external opening of the ear.

A

The skin and underlying tissues of the face:

Select one:

© A. contain a relatively small number of nerve fibers.

• B. have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely.

C. are well protected by the maxillae and mandible

• D. swell minimally when exposed to blunt trauma

B

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called

About

featured snippets

the:

Select one:

O A. stapes.

O B. incus.

O C. pinna

© D. tragus.

D

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

I About

featured snippets

Select one:

O A. at the angle of the jaw.

B. slightly above the ear.

C. over the mastoid process.

• D. just anterior to the tragus

D

The term "hyphema" is defined as:

Select one:

O A. blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

© B. compression of one or both optic nerves.

O C. inflammation of the iris, cornea, and lens.

O D. an acute rupture of the globe of the eye.

A

The upper jawbones are called the:

Select one:

O A. zygoma.

O B. mastoid.

0 C. maxillae.

O D. mandible.

C

The white portion of the eye is called the:

All About

out featured snippets

D

Select one:

O A. cornea.

O B. retina.

• C. sclera.

O D. iris.

C

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Select one:

0 A. Allows movement of the head

O B. Provides respiration

O C. Connects the scapulae together

O D. Allows flexion of the neck

A

When a light is shone into the pupil:

Select one:

A. the opposite pupil should dilate.

O B. it should become larger in size.

• C. it should become smalier in size.

O D. both pupils should dilate together.

C

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is most important to be as

descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries

because:

Select one:

O A. most patients with facial trauma will need surgery.

• B. they might need to call a specialist to see the patient.

O C. it saves time on repeat assessments at the hospital.

D. they must make arrangements for an ICU bed.

B

Which of the following findings would be least suggestive of a head injury?

Select one:

O A. Failure of the eyes to follow movement of an object

B. Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

O C. Failure of the eyes to move in the same direction

O D. One pupil larger in size than the other pupil

B

Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct?

The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out.

Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct?



The skull is a subdivision of the cranium.

Thirty percent of the cranium is occupied by blood.

The cranium protects the structures of the face.

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called an

intracerebral hematoma

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:



retrograde amnesia.

anterograde amnesia.

prograde amnesia.

posttraumatic amnesia.

retrograde amnesia

The breathing pattern most indicative of increased intracranial pressure is

irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea.

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:
A. are found supine and have stable vital signs.
B. are in a sitting position and are clinically stable.
C. require prompt extrication from an automobile.
D. are sitting in their car and are clinically unstable.

B

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:
a-posttraumatic amnesia.
b-retrograde amnesia.
c-anterograde amnesia.
d-perigrade amnesia.

B

You are assessing a man who has a head injury and note that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from his ear. You should recognize that this patient is at risk for:

Bacterial meningitis

The head injury that would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate most rapidly is an

intracerbreal hematoma

When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should:

Determine if the strength in all extremities is equal

The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by:
A. immediate reassessment following the intervention.
B. a neurosurgeon or emergency department physician.
C. reassessing the patient's blood pressure after at least 10 minutes.
D. noting a decrease in the heart rate during ventilations.

A

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head

Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female who opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys commands to move her extremities should be assigned a

GCS OF 14

When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard

the correct procedure involves securing the torso before the head to prevent movement that can injure the spine