Eye GT

What is the nerve that innervates the Orbicularis Oculi so to close the eye

Facial Nerve

What is the nerve that innervates the Levator Palpebrae so to elevate eyelid

Oculomotor nerve

Which muscle will close the eye

Orbicularis Ocule

Which muscle will open the upper eyelid

Levator palpebrae

What is the nerve that innervates the lacrimal glands –fiber type- and ganglion?

Facial nerve - General Visceral Effeferent - Geniculate ganglion (non synaptic), pterygophalantine ganglion

Which aspect of the eye is the neural layer; inner tunic

Retina

Which aspect of the eye provides an insertion point for the extraocular muscles

sclera

What nerve is tested by touching the cornea/sclera with a cotton swab

Trigeminal V1, opthmalic branch

What structures are extensions of the choroid, connecting the choroid with the iris and lens (via suspensory ligaments)

cilliary body

Which structures produce aqueous humor

cilliary processes

A flattened lens resulting in far vision results when the _______muscle is _________, thus tightening/lengthening the suspensory ligaments (zonule fibers)

Cilliary, relaxed

If the ciliary muscle is contracted thus loosening the ligaments, what type of vision results

near vision

The muscles surrounding the pupil that are circular and lend to constriction when contracted are known as

Sphincter muscles: spinchter pupillae, Edinger Westphal, nucleus of midbrain

The muscle that is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system thus result is pupil dilation (think fight or flight), is known as…

Dilator pupillae

Which structure allows for a reduction of light scattering-light absorption- and rebound onto the bipolar cells

retina pigmented epithelium

Anatomically, what is the function of the medial rectus (name its nerve)

Adduction - Occulomotor nerve (GSE)

Anatomically, what is the function of the lateral rectus (name its nerve)

Abduct the eye - Abduciiens nerve (GSE)

The Superior and Inferior Rectus BOTH will …

Adduct the eye

The Superior and Inferior Obliques BOTH will..

Abduct the eye

Remember that there is a ______ between which axes

23 degree difference

What are the 2 elevators of the eye

Superior rectus and inferior oblique

What are the 2 depressors of the eye

Inferior rectus and superior oblique

Where do the obliques insert (generally) in comparison to the recti muscles

Posteriorly

ANATOMICALLY what is the function of the SUPERIOR RECTUS

Elevation, adduction, and intorsion

ANATOMICALLY what is the function of the INFERIOR RECTUS

Depression, adduction, and extrosion

ANATOMICALLY what is the function of the SUPERIOR OBLIQUE

abduction, depression, and intorsion

ANATOMICALLY what is the function of the INFERIOR OBLIQUE

Abduction, elevation, and extorsion

What is the best way to ISOLATE muscles for clinically testing

eliminate the 23 degree difference between ocipital plane and globus plane

How do we isolate the superior and inferior rectus

Abduct the eye

How do we isolate the obliques

Adduct the eye

CLINICAL EYE TESTING

What is tested by:

LOOK DOWN (depress) and IN (adduct) (reading)

Give muscle and CN

Superior oblique - trochlear nerve

CLINICAL EYE TESTING (not anatomical function):

LOOK OUT (Abduction)

Lateral rectus - abducens

CLINICAL EYE TESTING (not anatomical function):

LOOK IN (Adduction)

Medial rectus - oculomotor

CLINICAL EYE TESTING (not anatomical function):

LOOK OUT and DOWN

Inferior rectus - oculomotor

CLINICAL EYE TESTING (not anatomical function):

LOOK OUT and UP

Superior rectus - oculomotor

CLINICAL EYE TESTING (not anatomical function):

LOOK IN and UP

inferior oblique - oculomotor

Can you give me the ordered steps of the visual pathway?

Start with Light entering the lens

1. light enters Cornea and lens and hits Pigmented Epithelium of the Retina

2. non-absorbed light bounces back and triggers Photoreceptors to Bipolar Cells.

3. synapse with ganglion cells.

4. to optic nerve.

5. Optic nerve travels to optic chiasm where pathways cross (decussate).

6. optic tracts (R and L).

7. To thalamus -lateral geniculate nucleus .

8. To Geniculocalcarine tract (optic radiation) which travel to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe withini calcarine sulcas.

The nasal visual field is most correlated with which hemiretina?

Temporal hemiretina

The temporal visual field is most correlated with which hemiretina?

Nasal Hemiretina

Which hemiretina fibers will cross in the chiasm

Nasal Hemiretina fibers