MCAT Hormones

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Anterior Pituitary; peptide; stimulates follicle maturation in females and spermatogenesis in males

Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

Anterior Pituitary; peptide; Stimulates ovulation in females, testosterone release in males

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Anterior Pituitary; peptide; Stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and release glucocorticoids

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Anterior Pituitary; peptide; Stimulates thyroid to synthesize thyroid hormones

Prolactin

Anterior Pituitary; peptide; Promotes lactation in females

Endorphins

Anterior Pituitary; peptide; decrease pain sensation, increase euphoria

Growth Hormone (GH)

Anterior Pituitary; peptide; stimulates bone and muscle growth, increases blood sugar

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Made in hypothalamus, released in posterior pituitary; peptide; stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct

Oxytocin

Made in hypothalamus, released in posterior pituitary; peptide; stimulates uterine contractions, lactation, and increases bonding behavior

Triiodonthyronine (T3)

Thyroxine (T4)

Thyroid; Amino Acid Derivatives; stimulates metabolic activity

Calcitonin

Thyroid; Peptide; decreases blood calcium levels, calcium goes to storage in bones

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Parathyroid; peptide; increases blood calcium levels by taking it out of bone

Glucocorticoids

adrenal cortex; steroid; increases blood glucose, decreases protein synthesis, anti inflammatory(cortisol and cortisone)

Mineralocorticoids

Adrenal cortex; steroid; increases water reabsorption by increasing sodium reabsorption which draws out more water. Promotes potassium and hydrogen ion excretion(aldosterone)

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Adrenal Medulla; amino acid derivatives; increases heart rate, blood glucose, dilates bronchi. Activates fight/flight

Glucagon

Pancreas; peptide; raises blood sugar, stimulates glycogen breakdown, fasting hormone

Insulin

Pancreas; peptide; lowers blood sugar, full hormone

Somatostatin

Pancreas; peptide; stabilizing hormone, inhibits insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and other hormones when they are no longer needed

Testosterone

Testes; steroid; stimulates growth of primary and secondary male sex characteristics

Estrogen

Ovaries; steroid; promotes growth of primary and secondary sex characteristics in females

Progesterone

ovaries; steroid; promotes uterine lining growth(endometrium)

Melatonin

Pineal gland; peptide; regulates sleep cycle(circadian rhythm)

Erythropoietin

Kidneys; peptide; stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Heart(atria); peptide; reduces blood pressure, inhibits drinking, and promotes the excretion of water and salt at the kidneys. Responds to excessive stretching of atria

Thymosin

Thymus; peptide; stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system