NBCOT Group Therapy

Steps to designing a group protocol (8 steps)

1. needs assessment

2. member selection

3. group goal setting

4. choosing a frame of reference

5. logistics (group size, time, setting)

6. session outlines

7. supplies

8. cost + outcome measures

Ideal group size

5-7 members (smaller if participants will need more assistance)

Group timeline (Cole’s 7 Steps)

1. intro

2. activity

3. sharing

4. processing

5. generalizing

6. application

7. summary

Leadership style for Parallel group (name + def)

Directive Leadership: providing task, structure, and support for members

Leadership style for Project group

Modified Directive Leadership: providing some choice in task, encouraging member interaction around task issues and awareness of others. Continues to provide support

Leadership style for Egocentric-Cooperative group

Facilitative Leadership: members choose task, therapist facilitates interaction + assists in meeting socioemotional needs

Leadership style for Cooperative group

Advisory Leadership: relationships + socialization take precedence over task, members provide socioemotional support for one another, therapist acts as advisor to provide resources and assist with problem-solving or conflict resolution

Leadership style for Mature group

Participatory Leadership: members lead, therapist is equal co-member using modeling + thera use of self to influence outcomes

Evaluation Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Role of OT

• Activity

• Assessment

  • Short term activity used to observe the person’s interpersonal skills + response to the activity

  • intervention not applied

• Role: to select + familiarize members to group’s purpose and guide future group sessions

Task-Oriented Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Role of OT

• Activity

• Awareness

• learn social behaviors while completing tasks

• Role: active at first and then tapers off but OT remains the leader of the group

Developmental Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Role of OT

• Activity group (with progressive subgroups)

• Interaction

  • Teach and develop member’s interactive skills

• Role: decreases with each type of group as members develop more leadership + interpersonal skills

Thematic Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Role of OT

• Activity

• Learning

  • Focus is on developing skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes needed to perform a specific activity

  • learning is facilitated by practicing and experiencing needed behavior with reinforcement of the behaviors in the group

  • no focus on member interaction

• Role: selects + grades activities, leadership style may vary

Anticipatory Topical Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Role of OT

• Activity

• Independence

  • Verbal discussions about activities members will be involved in post-d/c

• Role: facilitates group discussions while maintaining focus on the activity, leadership is shared with the members

Concurrent Topical Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Role of OT

• Activity

• Independence

  • Discussions focused on activities members are already carrying out in community

• Role: facilitates group discussions while maintaining focus on the activity, leadership is shared with the members

Instrumental Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Role of OT

• Activity

• Maintenance

  • Maintenance focused group to help members fxn at highest level for as long as possible

  • no major change is anticipated or expected

• Role: provide unconditional positive regard, selects activities that meet member’s health needs + maintain fxn

Parallel Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Approach of OT

• Developmental

• Each member works on own task while in presence of other members

• Directive Leadership

  • OT creates + maintains boundaries + reinforces positive behaviors

Project Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Approach of OT

• Developmental

• Enhance cooperation through small, short-term projects

• Directive Leadership:

  • intro task + provide assistance as needed → provide safe competitive experience

Egocentric-Cooperative Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Approach of OT

• Developmental

• Group members decide on how to collaborate to complete task

  • each member is expected to provide input

• Facilitative Leadership

  • makes suggestions but encourages members to carry out their plan

Cooperative Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Approach of OT

• Developmental

• sharing and listening is priority → satisfaction of a mutual experience

  • not focused on completing a goal or changing behavior

• Advisory Leadership

  • OT more like a guide → shares responsibility with group members

Mature Group

• Type (Activity/Developmental)

• Approach

• Approach of OT

• Developmental

• focuses on accomplishment of a task in a limited amount of time

  • task completion > member’s individual needs

  • help members identify and fxn within roles

• Participatory Leadership:

  • OT fxns as a group member or consultant