7.2 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

gravitational force

the mutual force of attraction between particles of matter

yes

Are orbiting objects in free fall?

gravitational force

the mutual force of attraction between particles of matter

yes

Are orbiting objects in free fall?

6.673×10∧-11 Nm²/kg²

What is the value of G—the constant of universal gravitation?

black hole

an object that is so massive that nothing including light can escape the pull of its gravity

Karl Schwarzschild in 1916

Who was the first person to suggest the existence of black holes?

John Wheeler in 1967

Who coined the term “black hole?”

escape velocity

in order for an object to escape the gravitational pull of a planet, the object must be moving away from the planet faster than a certain threshold speed called

no

Can an object move at a speed equal to or greater than the speed of light?

horizon

the edge of a black hole

spring tide

when the sun and moon are in line, the combined effect produces a greater than usual high tide called

neap tide

when the sun and moon are at right angles, the result is a lower than normal high tide called

the sun and moon’s gravitational force, depths of the ocean basins, Earth’s tilt and rotation, friction between the ocean water and the ocean floor

What factors affect ocean tides?

Henry Cavendish

conducted an experiment that determined the value of the constant G in 1798

gravitational field strength (g)

equal to the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on a unit mass at that point, g=Fg/m

vector

Is “g” a vector or scalar?

inertial mass

In Newton’s second law, m is sometimes called?

gravitational mass

In Newton’s gravitation equation, m is sometimes called?

electrical mass

The property of electric charges that causes them to be attracted or repelled was originally called?