World History Chapters 1–6 Review Flashcards

Comprehensive question and answer flashcards for World History review notes covering Chapters 1–6.

Who spread Greek culture across the Ancient Near East?

Alexander the Great

Who repealed many of the Draconian laws and started Athens toward democracy?

Solon

Who attempted to take over the government in a coup d'état?

Cylon

Who established the first Athenian law code?

Draco

Who was the leader of Athens during the Peloponnesian War?

Pericles

Who betrayed Athens by siding with Sparta while in Sicily and later left for Persia; he was also known for being handsome?

Alcibiades

Who established Athenian democracy?

Cleisthenes

What was the period in which Greek culture spread throughout the ancient world?

The Hellenistic Age

Alexander the Great's father, who united Macedonia, was who?

Philip II

The Spartan way of life centered on what?

Military training

The Peloponnesian War developed over what?

A rivalry between Athens and Sparta

What was the "safety valve" of Greek democracy, where someone considered too powerful could be exiled for 10 years?

Ostracism

What were Spartan slaves called?

Helots

What was the alliance formed by Athens to protect Greece from further Persian attack?

The Delian League

What occurred at the Battle of Thermopylae?

Three hundred Spartans fought to the death in a mountain pass.

What term refers to rule by one person?

Monarchy

The Olympic Games were originally held in honor of whom?

Zeus

What is the Septuagint?

The Greek translation of the Old Testament

What was the basic political unit of Greece?

The polis

What term refers to rule by the people?

Democracy

What was Magna Graecia?

Great Greece / the Greek colonies of southern Italy

The most important Greek colony in the western Mediterranean was what city?

Syracuse

Which city-state won the Peloponnesian War?

Sparta

Who was the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey?

Homer

What term is used for the formal study of human thought and culture?

Humanities

Were hoplites armored soldiers who fought side by side in a formation called a phalanx?

True

A person's deeds that determine his or her status in the next life are called what?

Karma

What is the changeless reality with no suffering?

Nirvana

What is the collection of Indian religious literature?

The Vedas

What was the ancient language of India?

Sanskrit

What religion was founded by Siddhartha Gautama?

Buddhism

What religion encouraged people to find peace and happiness by living in harmony with nature?

Taoism

What religious system became the most popular in India?

Hinduism

What is the unit consisting of children, grandchildren, wives, and close blood relatives of a common ancestor?

Joint family

What was the leading religion/philosophy of China?

Confucianism

What did Qin Shi Huang's tomb contain thousands of?

Terracotta soldiers (the Terracotta Army)

What were the rigid social groups that Indian society began to divide into during the Aryan period?

Castes

True or False: The Buddhist god is called Brahman.

False

True or False: People of India could not change their caste.

True

Who was Chandragupta Maurya's grandson who helped the Mauryan Empire reach its peak?

Asoka (Ashoka)

Who was nicknamed the "Indian Shakespeare"?

Kalidasa

What was the most remarkable technological achievement of the Qin Empire in China?

The Great Wall (early sections were connected/expanded under the Qin).

What means "Chinese Peace"?

Pax Sinica

Who is the "Father of History"?

Herodotus

Who is the "Father of Geometry"?

Euclid

Who is the "Father of Medicine"?

Hippocrates

How did geography affect the development of early India?

Mountain ranges, deserts, and other geographic barriers made travel and communication difficult, while major river valleys supported settlement and farming.

Athens valued education, democracy, and the arts, while Sparta valued discipline and military strength. Which society was better and why?

A strong answer is that Athens was better because its education, democracy, and arts gave citizens more opportunities for learning, creativity, and participation in government.

Who was the fierce leader of the Huns?

Attila

Which Roman emperor was first to persecute Christians?

Nero

What was the most common name for Octavian?

Augustus

Who was the cruel emperor known as the "mad Emperor"?

Caligula

Who was the Roman emperor at the time of Jesus' death?

Tiberius

Who legalized Christianity?

Constantine I

Who was the Roman lawyer who wrote Apology to defend Christianity?

Tertullian

Who was Roman emperor during the most widespread Roman persecution?

Diocletian

Who was the good emperor known as a "philosopher king"?

Marcus Aurelius

Who was an adviser to Nero and a leading Stoic?

Seneca

Who made Christianity the official/exclusive religion of the Roman Empire?

Theodosius I

Who promoted the theory that Earth was the center of the universe?

Ptolemy

Give one reason the gospel spread quickly in the first century.

Paul's ministry and writings helped spread Christianity.

Which church council affirmed Christ's deity and the doctrine of the Trinity in 325?

The Council of Nicaea

What edict made Christianity legal in 313?

The Edict of Milan

What structures were built to supply water to Roman cities?

Aqueducts

Which philosopher saw Stoicism as a solution to Rome's moral decline?

Seneca

What was the largest Jewish revolt in the second century?

The Bar Kokhba Revolt

What event occurred during the reign of Diocletian?

The Great Persecution

What city did the Romans rename Aelia Capitolina?

Jerusalem

Who was known as the "second founder" of the empire?

Vespasian

In what year did the Western Roman Empire fall?

A.D. 476

What tribe attacked Rome via North Africa after the Huns?

The Vandals

Who became popular because of his poetic stories of love and romance?

Ovid

After the temple was destroyed, around one thousand Jews continued to fight the Romans from what fortress?

Masada

Who were the elite soldiers who served as imperial bodyguards?

The Praetorian Guard

What building is probably the most famous example of Rome's architectural genius?

The Colosseum

Which Greek physician wrote an encyclopedia of medicine?

Galen

What is a belief contrary to orthodox teaching called?

Heresy

What nomadic tribe from the Far East threatened the Germanic tribes as well as the Roman Empire?

The Huns

Which title of Octavian meant "first citizen"?

Princeps

What means "Roman Peace"?

Pax Romana

What was Christ's final command before going to heaven, "To Teach all Nations"?

The Great Commission

True or False: The Hittites were NOT known for their iron.

False — the Hittites were known for their use of iron.

The dispersion, or scattering, of the Jews is known as what?

Diaspora

What Greek word means "land between the rivers"?

Mesopotamia

Sennacherib was what kind of king?

Assyrian

During which ruler's reign did the New Babylonian Empire reach its height?

Nebuchadnezzar II

Who was the greatest Egyptian warrior-king, sometimes called the "Napoleon of Egypt"?

Thutmose III

Who was one of the few female rulers of Egypt?

Hatshepsut

What is the name given to the form of picture writing used by the Egyptians?

Hieroglyphics

What river was of central importance to ancient Egypt?

The Nile River

The belief in many gods is known as what?

Polytheism

The captivity of the Jews in Babylon is known as what?

The Babylonian Captivity

Who was the Babylonian king associated with the Babylonian Captivity and the height of the New Babylonian Empire?

Nebuchadnezzar II

What was the earliest known form of writing used by the Sumerians?

Cuneiform

Under which king did the united kingdom of Israel reach its peak?

Solomon

What is the most important type of primary source?

Written records are especially important primary sources because they provide direct evidence from the period being studied.

What was the period of Israel's history known as the "Age of the Patriarchs"?

The Patriarchal period — the time of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph.

What is the term for a group of people sharing a land area and a common language?

Nation

What do we call the division of labor that is part of the culture of every city?

Specialization

What is another name for the Old Stone Age?

Paleolithic Age