Histology

How many layers are in the epidermis?

5

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Papillary and Reticular

What are the 6 primary functions of the skin?

rotection, Heat Regulation, Absorption, Sensation, Excretion, Secretion

Define Keratin

fibrous protein of cells found in hair, skin, and nails.

What muscle causes goosebumps?

Arrector Pili Muscle 

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of squamous, ketratinized cells?

Stratum Corneum

What layer of the dermis gives the epidermis nutrients through blood vessels?

Papillary

The barrier function is made up of the ________ ________, which protects us from TEWL. 

acid mantle

What is hyaluronic acid and where is it found?

It is a water binding GAG found in the dermis.

What is the EDJ and where is it located?

Epidermal/Dermal Junction- Papillary dermis& Stratum Germinativum.

Which layer of the Epidermis do cells divide and change shape?

Stratum Spinosum

What makes up 70% of the dermis?

Collagen

_________ glands secrete oil.

Sebaceous

_______ is a protein substance of complex fibers that give skin strength.

Collagen

What are langerhan cells and where are they located?

Cells that protect the body from infection located in the stratum spinosum.

The Stratum Germinativum contain 2 specialized cells called ______ and ______ cells.

Basal and Merkel

Which cells produce proteins and aid in the production of collagen?

Fibroblasts

Name the 2 type of sudoriferous glands and their location.

Apocrine- Underarms and Genitals

Eccrine-Palms and soles

Define Desquamation

Shedding of skin cells

What is ground substance? 

Jelly like fluid that fills empty space between collagen and elastin in the dermis.

In this layer of the Epidermis, some cells are living and some cells are dying. 

Stratum Granulosum

What does GAG stand for and what do they do?

Glycosaminoglycans; maintain, support, and retain moisture in collagen and elastin.

The ________ layer of the skin provides insulation and protective cushion.

Subcutaneous layer

What is Tyrosinase?

Enzyme that activates melanin production

Explain melanogenisis.

Melanocyte produces melanosome to transfer melanin into a keratinocyte. 

-Tyrone and Melanie analogy acceptable :)

What are sweat glands that are found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores and that are not attached to hair follicles?

eccrine

What happens in the stratum germinativium?

Cells divide.

What are the glands that excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body?

sudoriferous

What are most abundant in the fingertips, as opposed to other parts of the body?

sensory nerve fibers

What is the average internal temperature of the body in degrees Fahrenheit?

98,6

Estheticians who specialize in the health and beauty of skin are sometime referred to as _____.

technicians

What causes transepidermal water loss?

evaporation

What are ceramides?

glycolipid materials

What happens in the stratum granulosum?

Keratin is produced.

_____ are the basic material and building blocks of the body’s tissues.

Proteins

What percentage of hard B-keratin does hair contain?

90%

What causes telangiectasia?

aging

How fast does hair grow?

6 inches per year

Histology is also known as _____.

microscopic anatomy

How is B-keratin different from A-keratin?

It has lower moisture and fat than A-keratin.

Which of the following statements is true about the nail plate?

It contains no nerves.

The scientific field that studies the structure and composition of the skin tissue is

skin histology

Sunburn and cancer are caused by _rays.

UVB

Body tissues come from the basic building blocks known as

lipids

Eumelanin can be distinguished by an appearance that is

dark brown to black

The white blood cell that digests and kills bacteria and parasites with its enzyme is called a

leukocyte

The type of melanin that is red and yellow in color is called

pheomelanin

What is an apocrine gland?

A coiled structure attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital area that

secretes sweat

The sweat gland that is found all over the body and contains openings on the skin is called the

eccrine gland

What does the term epidermal growth factor refer to?

A hormone that stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal

What does the term subcutaneous layer refer to?

A protective cushion and energy storage for the body

The nail structure is partially composed of

the hyponychium

Where does cell mitosis occur?

The stratum germinativum

When a dead protein cell that is dried out and lacks nuclei. It is called

a corneocyte

The glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function are collectively known a

ceramides

What enzyme stimulates melanocytes?

Tyrosinase

The cell that produces skin pigment granules in the basal layer is called

a melanocyte

What is also known as aging rays?

UVA radiation

Every minute, the human skin sheds __ cells

30,000

Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation all help the skin with

Heat regulation

Excretion is a function of the skin's.

the sudoriferous gland

The part of the skin that insulates is known as

adipose tissue

What comprises 50-70 percent of the skin?

Water

Compared to Beta keratin, Alpha keratin

is softer

When kissing her girlfriend, Jaime notices her underarms smel more strongly. This is due to the production of her

apocrine glands