Oral Communication (PRELIMS)

Wilbur Schramm

Father of Mass Communication

Eugene White

stated that communication is circular and continuous, without a beginning or end.

Speaker

chooses his or her purpose; crafts the message accordingly, and decides how to deliver it.

Message

what needs to be delivered or imparted to somebody else.

Listener

receives the message.

Channels

means by which the message is sent and received; ears, eyes, skin, mouth, nose.

Response

the only way the speaker knows that the message has been received.

Feedback

the result of the speaker’s monitoring of the listener’s response; speaker’s perception about the listener’s response

Noise

any barrier to communication

Physical noise

actual noise; loud music, irritating throttle of a motorcycle engine

Physiological noise

when the body becomes a hindrance to good communication; headaches, toothaches

Psychological noise

when one is thinking deeply about something or is suffering from an emotional condition (eg. sadness, depression, confusion)

physical location

chosen for the purpose it will serve

psychological setting

depends on who the participants are; classrooms are for teaching but the Parent-Teacher-Association holds its meetings there.

Verbal/Nonverbal dimensions

encompass the use of language, the words chosen, as well as facial expressions, gestures, and bodily movement used.

Oral/Written dimensions

spoken communication and the transcription of thoughts and ideas.

Formal dimension

meticulous observation of appropriateness in attire, language and setting.

Written dimension

takes care of putting down the words of the message

Oral dimension

takes care of delivering the words of the message

Intentional/Unintentional dimensions

rely on the fact that messages always have a purpose; there is an intention when people communicate with others.

Aristotle’s model of communication

The most important part of his model is the setting

Legal setting

the courts where ordinary people defended themselves

Deliberative setting

the political assemblies, the highest being the Roman senate

Ceremonial setting

the celebrations held when Romans won a war, when they lost a leader or had a new one, and when they welcomed a visiting leader from another kingdom or country; include welcome speeches, poems of tribute or eulogies and poems of lament.

Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver’s model of communication

introduced the concept of “noise”; often called the Telephone Model

Wilbur Schramm’s model of communication

affirmed that communication can take place if and only if there is an overlap between the field of experience of the speaker and the filed of experience of the listener

Miscommunication

results from the lack of awareness of the dimensions of communication, especially those influenced by culture and gender

Communication breakdown

can lead to a total cessation of interaction