Key Concepts in International Relations and Criminal Justice

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to international relations, criminal justice, migration, and human rights.

Anarchy

A system without a central authority in international relations, often leading to self-interested behavior among states.

Borders

Geographic boundaries between nations that affect the control and movement of people, goods, and transnational crime.

Citizenship

Legal membership in a nation-state that grants rights and protections, including access to justice systems.

First-Generation Migrant

A person who has migrated from one country to another, facing various challenges.

Global Telecommunications

Worldwide communication systems that facilitate legal cooperation and international crimes like cybercrime.

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of the world, affecting crime, migration, and justice.

Golden Crescent

A major opium-producing region impacting international drug trafficking.

Golden Triangle

Another major opium-producing area linked to global drug markets.

Great Replacement Theory

A conspiracy theory promoting anti-immigrant actions based on xenophobia.

Human Rights

Universal protections that can be violated in migration or justice settings.

Illegal Migration

Movement across borders without legal authorization, often criminalized.

Interdependence

Mutual reliance among countries complicating responses to transnational crimes.

Intergovernmental Organization (IGO)

Entities formed by states to address issues like crime, justice, and migration.

International Crime

Crimes that cross borders, including human trafficking and terrorism.

International Criminal Law

Legal frameworks governing global crimes like genocide and war crimes.

International Justice

The pursuit of accountability for global crimes through international mechanisms.

Legal Migration

Movement across borders complying with immigration laws.

Liberal Institutionalism

A theory emphasizing international cooperation through institutions.

Migrant Offending

The involvement of migrants in crime, often overstated in public discourse.

Migrant Stereotypes

Oversimplified beliefs about migrants affecting policy and justice outcomes.

Migrant Victimization

Vulnerability of migrants to crime and abuse, often with limited access to justice.

Migration

The movement of people across borders, intersecting with criminal justice.

Migration-Crime Nexus

The complex relationship between migration and crime, often distorted politically.

Multinational Corporation (MNC)

Large companies operating across borders, sometimes involved in exploitation.

Nation-State

A political entity with defined borders and laws.

National Security

Protection of a state’s people and institutions.

Nativism

A belief favoring native citizens over immigrants, shaping immigration policies.

Non-governmental Organization (NGO)

Independent groups advocating for justice and rights protections.

Political Instability

Weak governments creating environments for crime and human rights violations.

Power (State)

A nation's ability to enforce laws and control borders.

Rationality (of Nation-States)

The assumption that states act in their self-interest.

Realism

A theory viewing states as power-seeking actors in an anarchic world.

Regional Conflict

Disputes leading to crime, migration, and humanitarian crises.

Relative Deprivation

Perception of inequality fueling crime and unrest.

Second/Third-Generation Migrant

Children or grandchildren of migrants often facing discrimination.

Self-Help (international politics)

States relying on their own resources for justice in an anarchic system.

Sovereignty

A state’s authority to govern itself and enforce laws.

State Actor

A government or its representatives involved in law enforcement.

Technology and Globalization

Tools that facilitate global crime and enhance justice cooperation.

International Criminal Court

A permanent court prosecuting individuals for genocides and war crimes.

Rwandan Genocide

1994 mass killing in Rwanda, highlighting failures of international justice.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A UN document asserting fundamental rights for all individuals.

Migrant Offending

The involvement of migrants in crime, often exaggerated in public narratives.

Conflict Diamonds

Diamonds traded illegally to finance armed conflicts.

Human Trafficking

Exploitation of individuals through coercion or deception.

Money Laundering

Concealing illegally obtained money, essential for crime networks.