Dimensions__Centralisation_Formalisation_2_

Centralisation

The degree to which decision-making power is concentrated within a central authority in an organization.

Formalisation

The extent to which explicit rules and procedures govern the operation of an organization.

Specialisation

The process of focusing on a specific area of expertise to improve efficiency and service delivery.

Fragmentation

The lack of coordination or integration in an organization, often due to excessive specialisation.

Decentralisation

The distribution of decision-making authority to lower levels in an organization.

Wicked Problems

Complex issues that are difficult to define and for which solutions are not straightforward.

Top-down Planning

A management approach where decisions are made by a few top-level executives and passed down to lower levels.

Participation Management

A management style that encourages input and involvement from all levels of an organization.

Accountability

Being responsible and answerable for actions and outcomes in an organization.

Goal Displacement

When the pursuit of secondary objectives overshadows or interferes with the achievement of primary goals.