B1.2.3 - Dietary requirements for amino acids

Define essential amino acids

amino acids that cannot be synthesizes in sufficient quantities by animals so must be obtained from a diet

define non-essential amino acids

amino acids that can be synthesizes within the body from other molecules, like glucose and other essential A.A.s

How many essential amino acids are there?

9

How do animals and plants differ in the production of amino acids?

plants - can produce all amino acids

animals - they can’t synthesize 9 types of A.A.

Why is animal protein a good source of amino acids?

Because animal-based foods (fish, meat, milk,eggs) have a balance/ proportion of amino acids that is similar to what is needed in the human diet.

In contrast, plant-based foods have too little of specific amino acids for human needs

define conditionally essential amino acids

amino acids that the body is normally able to synthesize in sufficient quantities, but which may be required in volumes exceeding production during specific physiological or environmental stressors and have to be consumed through diet of supplementation.

What makes an amino acids conditionally essential?

When the body’s ability to synthesize the particular A.A. can be compromised or overwhelmed by physiological stress

Why is it important to consume amino acids from plants, and not just animals?

plant-based foods contains fiber, antioxidants, and specific phytochemicals necessary to prevent chronic diseases, which are lacking in animal-based foods

What are the implications of essential and non-essential amino acids for those on a vegan diet?

they must pay attention to ensure that enough of each essential amino acid is consumed

What are possible effects of a lack of essential A.A.s?

• Reduced muscle protein synthesis (can contribute to muscle wasting)

• Weakened immune function (antibodies are proteins)

• Poor growth in children (growth requires new protein synthesis)

Why is it necessary to consume amino acids?

Becuase they are not stored by the body