aphg-unit-5-vocabulary-kmhs-fall-2019-1

Agribusiness

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of various agricultural processes.

Agricultural revolution

A period of significant agricultural development marked by the introduction of new farming techniques.

Agriculture

The art and science of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock for human use.

Aquaculture

The farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, shellfish, and plants.

Biotechnology

The use of biological processes and organisms to develop or make products.

Cereal grain

Grass cultivated for its edible seeds, including wheat, rice, and corn.

Commercial agriculture

Agriculture produced for sale in the market, focusing on profit.

Crop rotation

The practice of planting different crops in succession on the same land to improve soil health.

Desertification

The process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

Dietary energy consumption

The amount of energy consumed by individuals from food sources.

Green revolution

A period of agricultural transformation that increased food production worldwide through advanced technologies and practices.

Intensive subsistence agriculture

A form of subsistence agriculture that uses large amounts of labor and capital to increase yields from small plots.

Mediterranean agriculture

Agriculture practiced in regions with a Mediterranean climate, characterized by crops like olives and grapes.

Monoculture

The cultivation of a single crop over a wide area.

Organic agriculture

Farming practices that avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

Pastoral nomadism

A form of subsistence agriculture involving the herding of domesticated animals.

Ranching

A form of commercial agriculture focused on raising livestock on large land areas.

Shifting cultivation

A farming practice in which land is cleared and used for a few years before being abandoned for a new area.

Subsistence agriculture

Agriculture primarily aimed at feeding the farmer's family rather than for sale.

Sustainable agriculture

Farming practices that promote environmental health and resource conservation.

Transhumance

The seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter grazing grounds.

Truck farming

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, often for markets by trucks.

Tropical climate

A climate characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity, typically found near the equator.

extensive agriculture

A warm climate typically found near the equator, characterized by high humidity and abundant rainfall, which supports diverse ecosystems and is conducive to the growth of various crops.

Market gardening

Commercial gardening and fruit farming for local markets.

Plantation agriculture

Large-scale farming of cash crops, typically on monoculture estates in tropical regions.

clustered

Buildings concentrated in a specific area.

dispersed

Buildings spread out over a wide area.

linear settlement

A type of settlement pattern where buildings are arranged in a line, often along a road or river.

long lot

A land division method where parcels are long and narrow, often extending from a road to a body of water.

Metes and bounds

A system of land description using physical features and distances.

township and range

A land division system in the U.S. that uses a grid of square parcels to organize land.

Fertile crescent

A historical region in the Middle East known for its rich soil and early agricultural development.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations, diseases, and culture between the Americas and the Old World after 1492.

1st agricultural revolution

The shift from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming, marked by the domestication of plants and animals.

Domestication

The process of cultivating and breeding plants and animals for human use.

2nd agricultural revolution

A period of agricultural advancement that improved food production through mechanization and new farming techniques.

Monocropping

The cultivation of a single crop over a wide area.

bid rent theory

Explains how land prices vary according to proximity to the market, with higher rents closer to urban centers.

commodity chain

a series of linked processes that connect the production and distribution of a commodity, from raw materials to the consumer

economies of scale

the cost advantage a company gains by increasing its production volume, resulting in a lower average cost per unit produced

Von Thunen model

a predictive theory in human geography that predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market.

global food chain

the complex network of interconnected processes involved in producing, processing, distributing, and consuming food across international borders

export commodity

a good or product that a country produces primarily to sell to other countries

pollution

occurs when humans contaminate the air, water, or land.

land cover change

process by which agricultural areas are lost to development

conservation

The sustainable use and management of Earth;s natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine, and recreation

deforestation

the destruction of forest or forested areas by human or natural means.

salinization

the process where excessive salt accumulates in soil, typically due to over-irrigation in arid climates, causing the land to become infertile as water evaporates, leaving behind salt deposits

irrigation

a man-made system whereby water is spread from its natural source (such as a lake or river) over a much larger geographic range to aid in agricultural production

draining wetland

removing water from these ecosystems to convert them into land suitable for agriculture, urban development, or other uses.

soil salinization

occurs when soil in an arid climate has been made available for agricultural production using irrigation

terrace farming

method of farming used on hilly or mountainous terrain where steps are carved into steep land to provide a flat area for farming and irrigation.

GMO

Genetically Modified Organism.” It is used in common parlance to refer to a crop whose genetic structure has been altered to make it more useful and efficient for human purposes.

value added foods

any product or action that helps you raise the value of your products or business

fair trade

a movement that aims to ensure producers in developing countries receive a fair price for their goods, promoting equitable trading conditions by guaranteeing fair wages, safe working conditions, and sustainable practices, often through certified labels on products, allowing consumers to actively support ethical trade practices

community supported agriculture

a farming model where consumers buy shares of a farm's harvest in advance, thus providing farmers with capital at the start of the growing season.

urban farming

the cultivation, processing and distribution of agricultural products in urban and suburban areas.

dietary shifts

Changing dietary patterns refer to the shifts in food consumption habits and preferences influenced by various factors like globalization, urbanization, and economic development

food insecurity

lack of consistent access to enough food for an active, healthy life.

food desert

an area where residents have limited access to affordable and nutritious food, often characterized by a lack of supermarkets or grocery stores within a convenient traveling distance.