BT2 - Floor, Roof & Ceiling Framing Terms

Live Load

Movable loads imposed on the floor such as people, furniture and the like

Dead Load

Static load such as weight of the construction materials which generally carry the live load

12mm

Diameter of #4 Steel Bars in mm

6mm

Diameter of #2 Steel Bars in mm

Gauge

Measurement unit of GI Roofing Thickness

#14 ; #30

The thickness of GI Roofing Sheet is from ________ to __________

36” x 8’

Standard Size of Plain GI Sheet

Gutter

A shallow channel of metal, wood or concrete set immediate below and along the eaves of a building to catch and carry off rainwater from the roof

Downspout

Conveys the water from the gutter down to the storm drain

Web Member

Joins the top and bottom chords

Collar Plate

Ties between rafters or top chords on opposite sides of the roof

Purlin

A piece of timber or steel laid horizontally on the principal rafters of a roof to support the common rafters on which the roof covering is laid.

Shed / Lean-to-Roof

Considered as the simplest form of roof

Gable / Pitch Roof

Most common type and economical form of roof made of two slopes meeting at the center of the ridge

Saw Tooth Roof

Commonly used on factories where extra light is required through the window on the vertical side

Hip Roof

Roof having 4 straight sides all sloping towards the center of the building terminating at the ridge

Cornice

An ornamental molding usually of wood or plaster running around the walls of the room just below the ceiling

Stud

Series of horizontal and vertical structural members which act as the supporting elements in a wall or partition

2” x 4”

Size of Wood Stud

Rafters

One of a series of inclined members to which the roof covering is fixed

5mm

Gutters should have a slope of ____ per meter for effective drainage

Flashing

to prevent water penetration or provide water drainage between a roof and wall

Header

A short transverse joist that supports the end of the cut-off joist at a stair well hole

Bridging

A brace or an arrangement of braces fixed between floor joists to keep them in place

Simple Beam

A beam having a single span supported at its end

Continuous Beam

A beam that rest on more than two supports

Semi-Continuous Beam

A beam with two spans with or without restraints at both ends

Cantilevered Beam

A beam that is supported at one end or along its length

One Way Slab

Reinforcement of this slab runs only at one direction ; Used in narrow spaces

Two Way Slab

Reinforcement of this slab is from two direction ; Used in square shaped spaces

Stirrups

A reinforcement device to resist shear and diagonal tension stresses in beam

5’ to 12’

Standard length of corrugated GI sheet ranges from _________

Eaves

Lower edge of a sloping roof, that part of a roof which projects beyond the wall

Truss

A structure composed of a combination of members, usually in some triangular arrangement

Fascia Board

Board that is nailed horizontally to the ends of roof rafters

True

True or False: Nails or Rivets shall be spaces at every other corrugation along the gutter line, end lapping joints, ridge, hip and valley rolls, others at every two corrugations

Cornice Return

Continuation of a cornice in a different direction, usually at right angles, as at the gable end of the house.

Ceiling

The overhead surface of a room

Ceiling Joist

Nailers to which the ceiling is attached

40’ or 12.00 m

Longest available length of steel bars

Corbel

Structural wood that supports and attached the wood floor joist to the beam