Anatomy 1022

What is this?

Transverse process

What’s this?

Pedicle

What’s this?

Vertebral body

What’s this?

Superior articular process

What’s this?

Spinous process

What’s this?

Inferior articular process

What are these?

L3-4 intervertebral joint and L4-5 intervertebral joint.

What’s this?

Lumbosacral joint (L5/S1)

What’s this?

Sacral base

What’s this?

Sacral promontory

What’s this?

Sacral ala (wing)

What’s this?

Transverse ridges

What’s this?

Anterior sacral foramina

What’s this?

Apex of sacrum

What’s this?

Transverse process of coccyx.

What’s this?

Apex of coccyx.

What’s this?

Superior articular processes and facets

What’s this?

Auricular articular surfaces

What’s this?

Median sacral crest

What’s this?

Posterior sacral foramina.

What’s this?

Intermediate crest

What’s this?

Sacral hiatus.

What’s this?

Sacral cornu

What’s this?

Coccygeal cornu.

Intervertebral joints are…

Secondary cartilaginous (hyaline cartilage-intervertebral disc-hyaline cartilage)

Facet joints are…

Paired synovial plane joints

Long muscle group from furthest to closest to spinous processes

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Broad attachment for long muscle group

Iliac crest to end of vertebral column.

What’s this muscle?

Multifidus (oblique group)

What’s this muscle?

Rotatores (oblique group)

What’s this muscle?

Semispinalis (oblique group)

What’s this muscle?

Intertransversales (short group)

What’s this muscle?

Interspinales (short group)

What’s this muscle?

Levatores costorum (short group)

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament restrict?

Lumbar extension

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament restrict? (Lies within vertebral canal posterior to bodies)

Lumbar flexion

Ligamentum flavum and its restriction?

Connects laminae. Restricts flexion.

Interspinous ligaments are…

Between adjacent spinous processes

Intertransverse ligaments are between…

Adjacent transverse processes.

Main movements in cervicothoracic muscles

Extension, lateral flexion, rotation

What does ventral rami innervate?

Anterolateral parts of trunk, upper limb, lower limb

What does dorsal rami innervate?

Innervates back muscles, facet joints, and skin.

Dura mater

Tough outer layer meninge

Arachnoid mater

Web-like middle meninge

Pia mater

Delicate inner layer

Epidural space

Fat and venous plexus

Subdural space

Potential space

Subarachnoid

Cerebrospinal fluid filled space

Elephants Dance Slowly As Snakes Pass?

Epidural, Dura, Subdural, Arachnoid, Subarachnoid, Pia

Where does the spinal cord end?

It’s ending is called the conus medullaris and is at L1/L2.

Cauda equina

Bundle of dorsal and ventral roots extending below conus medullaris.

L2 motor fibres supply…

Hip flexors

L3 motor fibres supply…

Knee extensors such as Quadriceps

L4 motor fibres supply…

Ankle dorsiflexors such as Tibialis anterior

L5 motor fibres supply…

Big toe extensors

S1 motor fibres supply…

Ankle plantarflexors such as Gastrocnemius

S2 motor fibres supply…

Toe flexors

S3/S4 motor fibres supply

Intrinsic foot muscles

Lumbar arteries…

Branch from abdominal aorta and supply lumbar region

Anterior spinal artery (1) and Posterior spinal artery (2)…

Supply spinal cord itself

Venous drainage of lumbar region…

3 anterior spinal veins, 3 posterior spinal veins, internal and external vertebral venous plexus.

Joint between C1 and C2

Atlanto-axial joint

Atlanto-occupital joint is between…

The occiput and C1

The atlanto-occupital joint is a…

Synovial condyloid joint

What joint is this?

Costovertebral joint

What joint is the unticked one?

Costotransverse joint

Ligaments of cervicothoracic spine

Cervical curvature?

Lordosis

Thoracic curvature?

Kyphosis

What’s this muscle?

Trapezius (superficial layer 1)

What’s this muscle?

Latissimus dorsi (superficial layer 1)

What’s this muscle and what’s its action?

Levator scapulae, elevates shoulders. (Superificial layer 2)

What are these muscles?

Rhomboid minor and rhomboid major (Superficial layer 2)

What’s this muscle?

Splenius (deep intrinsic layer) - Extend cervical spine, rotate, laterally flex

What are these muscles?

Suboccipital muscles, deep cervical flexors, scalenes

Ventral primary rami innervate…

Anterior body wall and limbs

Dorsal primary rami innervate…

Posterior body wall

Arterial supply to cervicothoracic spine

Anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries

Contents of intervertebral foramen

Spinal nerve, dorsal root ganglion, radicular artery, recurrent meningeal nerve, segmental vein

Atlanto-occipital movement

Nodding (flexion and extension)

Atlanto-axial movement

Rotation (head turning)

Contents of sternum

Manubrium (jugular notch, clavicular notches), 4 sternabrae + 3 transverse ridges, xyphoid process

What’s this?

Acromial end of clavicle

What’s this?

Sternal end of clavicle

What’s this?

Posterior border of clavicle

What’s this?

Anterior border of clavicle

What’s this?

Deltoid tubercle

What’s this?

Acromial facet

What’s this?

Subclavian groove

What’s this?

Anterior border

What’s this?

Sternal facet

What’s this?

Impression for costoclavicular ligament

What’s this?

Posterior border of clavicle

What’s this?

Conoid tubercle

What’s this?

Trapezoid line

What’s this?

Supraglenoid tubercle

What’s this?

Infraglenoid tubercle

What’s this?

Deltoid tubercle

What’s this?

Suprascapular notch