attitude and motivation

definition of attitudes

a predisposition to act in a particular way towards something or someone in an environment

attitude stability

an attitude is unstable and can be challenged and controlled

they can be directed towards objects, people, places, situations and the behaviour of others

how can an attitude be formed?

previous experiences

vicarious experiences - the role of parents

positive reinforcement

media

culture

education - school, pe lessons

socialisation

religion

parents

social or peer group

trauma

how are positive attitudes formed?

belief in the benefit of exercise

enjoyable experiences in sport

being good at a particular sport

being excited by the challenge of sport

the influence of others were participation is the norm

triadic model of attitudes

all parts work together

A - affective part, feelings

B - behavioural part, doing

C - cognitive part, the knowing

consonance - everything is working as one

dissonance - breaking the negative cycle

affective part

make it fun

remove the negative feelings

behaviour part

give rewards

prizes

treats

cognitive part

inform the athlete of the process

theories of changing attitude

the cognitive dissonance theory

• if you break part of the model, it can have a knock on affect on the rest of the process

• disrupting the triadic model

persuasive communication theory

• inform the person with the negative attitude and getting them to think about it in a positive way

• persuasive person must be of high status, role model, with a clear and relevant message

motivation

is the drive to achieve something

is positive

can lead to approach behaviour

intrinsic motivation

factors coming from internally

sporting activities are fun and enjoyed

has a feel good factor

personal pride

pushing through personal challanges

extrinsic motivation

factors that come from an external source

status - making the 1st team

prizes

payments

medals

trophies

levels of performance

motivational strategies

give rewards - certificate

reinforcement

• positive - praise, makes behaviour more likely, feeling of learning something

outcome - strengthen the S-R bond

• negative - remove negative critisism

• this establishes the S-R bond

punishment - to weaken the S-R bond

educate people - healthy lifestyle, persuasive communication, it is cognitive

goal setting - smart targets

make it fun

high paced - get the feeling of learning, challenging

practice is interesting

promote the inclusion of friends - positive peer pressure

significant others - role models, adults