Unit 3 - Seasons and Atmosphere

The main cause of seasons on Earth is Earth’s tilt and (revolution/rotation).

revolution

During the winter solstice, the Northern Hemisphere experiences (fewer/more) daylight hours compared to the Southern Hemisphere.

fewer

The point at which the Sun is directly overhead at noon at the Tropic of Cancer is known as the __________.

summer solstice.

The phenomenon of having equal day and night hours occurs during the __________.

equinox.

The Earth is closest to the Sun during __________.

perihelion.

The process by which heat is transferred through the contact of molecules is called __________.

conduction.

The transfer of heat by the movement of fluids is referred to as __________.

convection.

The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves is known as __________.

radiation.

The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged from shortest to longest waves, starting with __________.

gamma rays.

Eratosthenes used the angle of the __________ to determine the circumference of the Earth.

shadows.

Direct rays from the Sun strike the Earth at ___º angles, leading to concentrated energy and warmth.

90

Indirect rays strike the Earth at __________ angles, resulting in less concentrated energy and cooler temperatures.

oblique.

An event that occurs when the Sun is directly overhead at the equator is called an __________.

equinox.

The point in the Earth's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun is called __________.

aphelion.

The Earth's __________ is the spinning of the Earth on its axis, while __________ refers to its orbit around the Sun.

rotation; revolution.

An example of conduction is __________, where heat is transferred through direct contact.

touching a hot stove.

An example of convection is __________, where heat is transferred in a fluid like water or air.

boiling water.

An example of radiation is __________, where heat is transferred through space.

the warmth felt from the Sun.