Understanding the Self - Midterm Lecture Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcard set covering philosophical, sociological, psychological, anthropological, bodily, political, and material perspectives of the self.

Socratic Method

A form of questioning and answering designed to lead individuals to think for themselves.

Tripartite Soul

Plato's theory dividing the soul into three parts: Rational (ruling class), Spirited (military class), and Appetite (commoner).

Necessary Fictions

Beliefs that cannot be proven true and may even be proven false, yet are necessary to sustain human life.

Persona

A term derived from the Greek actors' mask, worn to represent a character in a Greek play.

Tabula Rasa

John Locke's concept of an 'empty mind' at birth that is shaped entirely by experience, sensations, and reflections.

Internal Self (Kant)

The aspect of self composed of psychological states and informed decisions, combining memory and imagination.

External Self (Kant)

The aspect of self composed of the physical world and body, representing learned behavior, attitudes, and societal expectations.

Id

The animalistic aspect of the self governed by the pleasure principle in Freud's structural model of personality.

Ego

The executive aspect of the self governed by the reality principle in Freud's structural model of personality.

Superego

The conscience aspect of the self governed by the morality principle in Freud's structural model of personality.

Philosophical Behaviorism

Gilbert Ryle's view that all mental phenomena can be explained entirely by reference to publicly observable behavior.

Sociocentric Thinking

A mode of thinking where a person prioritizes the needs and concerns of a social group ahead of their own.

Egocentric Thinking

A mode of thinking where an individual is unable to understand or assume any perspective other than their own.

Rites of Passage

Ceremonial events across societies that mark the transition from one social or religious status to another, conceptualized by Arnold Van Gennep.

Separation Phase

The first phase of a rite of passage where individuals detach from their former identity.

Liminality Phase

The transitional stage between identities during a rite of passage.

Incorporation Phase

The final stage of a rite of passage where a person's change in social status is officially recognized and integrated.

I - Self (William James)

The thinking, acting, and feeling self that knows who it is, reflecting the soul or pure ego.

Me - Self (William James)

The empirical self describing a person's personal experiences, divided into the material, social, and spiritual selves.

Multiple Selves

The representation of different identities and roles a person plays across various relationships and social contexts.

Unified Self

The composite persona or self that integrates all other personas existing within a person's interactional style.

True Self (Winnicott)

The real, authentic, original, and vulnerable self that is usually revealed only to trusted individuals.

False Self (Winnicott)

The fake, ideal, or superficial self created to protect and hide the true self from exposure.

Incongruence

The gap between the real self and the ideal self that results in feelings of demoralization, stress, and anxiety.

Culture (Geertz)

A system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms through which people communicate and develop attitudes toward life.

Material Component of Culture

All tangible objects and materials inherited from previous generations.

Cognitive Component of Culture

The body of knowledge, skills, and capabilities handed down through generations.

Normative Component of Culture

The standards, prescriptions, and social norms governing relationships in a society.

Cultural Lag

The gap of time between the introduction of a new cultural item and its eventual acceptance into the culture.

Xenocentrism

The preference for and tendency to value other cultures more highly than one's own.

Xenophobia

The irrational fear and hatred of strangers, foreigners, or anything perceived as foreign.

Culture Shock

Anxiety, depression, or confusion stemming from separation from familiar cultural norms while residing in a foreign environment.

Individualistic Self

A self-concept emphasizing individual autonomy, personal goals, self-reliance, and an 'I' identity.

Collectivistic Self

A self-concept emphasizing group harmony, interdependence, shared responsibilities, and a 'We' identity.

Law of Karma

The central doctrine in Hinduism stating that actions determine the soul's reincarnation cycle until reaching nirvana.

Rectification of Names

The Confucian principle that a person or entity must act in true alignment with their designated social role and title.

Primary Sex Characteristics

Anatomical physical structures directly involved in reproduction that are present at birth.

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Physical features that emerge during puberty as a result of hormonal changes but are not directly involved in reproduction.

Consumerism

The promotion of consumer interests or economic emphasis on consumption as a defining identity act.

Semiology

The study of signs and symbols, popularized by critical theorist Roland Barthes to decode meanings embedded in material objects.

Instrumental Functions

The functional properties and practical uses of a material possession.

Social Symbolic Functions

Properties of material goods that signify personal qualities, social status, group affiliations, or gender roles.

Categorical Functions

The extent to which material possessions communicate a person's status and group membership.

Self-Expressive Functions

The capacity of material goods to reflect an owner's unique values, personal traits, or attributes.

Door-in-the-Face Technique

An influencing strategy where an extreme initial request is made expecting rejection, followed by a smaller, target request.

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

An influencing strategy where agreement to a small initial request increases compliance with a subsequent larger request.

Reward Power

Power derived from control over giving positive reinforcement or resources to group members.

Coercive Power

Power derived from the ability to impose penalties, punishments, or threats upon non-compliant individuals.

Legitimate Power

Power based on a formally sanctioned position or role granting authority to mandate compliance.

Referent Power

Power rooted in group members' respect, admiration, charisma, or identification with the powerholder.

Expert Power

Power that stems from the perception that an individual possesses superior knowledge, skills, or specialized abilities.

Informational Power

Power originating from potential access to and management of valuable information, logic, or data.

Autocratic Leadership

A decision-making style marked by individual authority and minimal contribution from team members.

Laissez-Faire Leadership

A delegative leadership style where the leader maintains a hands-off approach, allowing members full decision-making autonomy.

Democratic Leadership

A participative leadership style in which team members actively contribute to decision-making processes.

Transactional Leadership

A leadership style focused on exchanges of effort and compliance for tangible outcomes and rewards.

Transformational Leadership

An inspirational style of leadership that elevates followers' values, motivation, and goals to achieve unified objectives.

Eros

A style of love characterized by intense romantic desire, passion, and physical attraction.

Ludus

A playful style of love that views romance as a game and avoids long-term commitment.

Storge

A gradual, stable form of love grounded in deep friendship, shared values, and mutual respect.

Pragma

A practical, logical approach to love based on compatibility, security, and common sense.

Mania

An intense, possessive, jealous, and emotionally volatile style of love.

Agape

An altruistic, selfless, unconditional, and forgiving form of love.

Endogamy

The practice of marrying exclusively within one's own designated cultural, social, or class group.

Exogamy

The practice of marrying outside of one's social or cultural group.

Polygyny

A form of polygamous marriage where one man is married to multiple women.

Polyandry

A form of polygamous marriage where one woman is married to multiple men.

Responsible Parenthood

The shared duty of partners to decide on and plan their family size and child spacing based on health and financial capacity.

R.A. 10354

The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 in the Philippines providing universal access to reproductive healthcare and education.