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religion of ruling elite
Sunni Islam
key method of legitimacy
syncretism (Akbar’s early tolerance, monumental architecture (Taj Mahal)
bureaucracy/control
mansabdari system (military/land grants to officials) zamindars (local tax collectors)
key military force
cavalry and professional army utilizing matchlock muskets and artillery
unique challenges
religious tension (Muslim minority ruling Hindu majority), constant wars, rejection of primogeniture (succession crises), encounters with the East India Company of the British
key people
Akbar, Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan