Periodic Table Elements and Trends

Flashcards covering key concepts, properties, and trends of different groups in the periodic table.

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium

Soft metals in Group I with trends in melting points, densities, and reactions with water.

Reactivity trend in Group I

Reactivity increases down the group as it becomes easier to lose electrons.

Low melting points

Group I metals have lower melting points compared to most other metals.

Density trend in Group I

Density increases down the group, allowing them to float on water.

Reaction with water for Group I metals

React vigorously with water to produce alkaline solutions and hydrogen gas.

Electron shielding

Increased shielding down the group reduces attraction between the nucleus and outer shell electrons.

Diatomic non-metals in Group VII

Halogens like chlorine, bromine, and iodine; show trends in color and density.

Reactivity trend in Group VII

Reactivity decreases down the group due to increased shielding.

Displacement reaction example with chlorine

Chlorine displaces bromide and iodide ions in reactions.

Color trend in halogens

Color darkens as you go down the group: fluorine (pale yellow), iodine (purple).

Transition elements

Metals with high densities and high melting points that often act as catalysts.

Variable oxidation states

Transition metals can form ions with different charges, shown with Roman numerals.

Noble gases

Unreactive, monatomic gases with full outer shells, stable arrangement of electrons.

Helium use

Used in balloons because it is less dense than air and non-flammable.

Neon in advertising

Neon is used in signs due to its bright color when electrified.

Inert atmosphere with argon

Used in lamps and welding to prevent oxidation of metals.

Properties of Group I metals

Softness, low melting points, low densities, and vigorous reactions with water.

Properties of halogens

Diatomic, colored, and show decreasing reactivity down the group.

Catalytic properties of transition metals

Transition metals often act as catalysts in chemical reactions.

Stability of noble gases

Noble gases are stable due to having full outer electron shells.

Densities of halogens

Density increases from chlorine (gas) to bromine (liquid) to iodine (solid).