Lecture 9 Thirty Years' War

Thirty Years' War

A conflict fought in Europe from 1618 to 1648, primarily in the Holy Roman Empire, involving most of the major European powers.

Ferdinand of Styria

Also known as Ferdinand II (1578-1637), a staunch Catholic ruler who played a significant role in the Thirty Years' War.

Defenestration of Prague

The event in 1618 where two advisors were thrown out of a window in Prague, marking the beginning of the Thirty Years' War.

Frederick V

Elected as the King of Bohemia during the conflict, he faced challenges due to his young age and lack of support.

Albrecht von Wallenstein

A notable figure in the war, a soldier of fortune who played a crucial role in the conflict, commanding a large number of troops.

Battle of White Mountain

Fought in 1620, this battle saw the defeat of the Bohemians by the Bavarians, a significant event in the early stages of the war.

Edict of Restitution

Issued in 1629 by Ferdinand II, this edict outlawed Calvinism and required Lutherans to return church properties confiscated since 1552.

Gustavus Adolphus

The King of Sweden who intervened in the war, known for his military innovations and victories in battles like Breitenfeld and Lutzen.

Military Revolution

Refers to the changes and advancements in military tactics, technology, and organization that occurred during the Thirty Years' War.

Battle of Lutzen

Fought in November 1632, this battle saw the defeat of Wallenstein by the Swedes, with the death of Gustavus Adolphus.

Wallenstein

A military leader who campaigned during the Thirty Years' War but was dismissed by Ferdinand II in 1634.

Battle of Nordlingen (1634)

A significant battle where Imperial forces decimated the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War.

Peace of Westphalia (1648)

A peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War and confirmed the Peace of Augsburg, granting German princes the power to choose between Calvinism, Catholicism, or Lutheranism.

Cuius regio, eius religio

Latin for "whose realm, his religion," a principle allowing German princes to determine the religion of their territories under the Peace of Westphalia.

Treaty of Munster

A treaty that recognized the Swiss Confederation and the Dutch Republic as independent entities from the Holy Roman Empire.

Brandenburg

A region that increased in size as a result of the Peace of Westphalia, gaining territory in the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War.

Alsace

A region that France gained as a result of the Peace of Westphalia, acquiring territory in the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War.

Westphalia

The region where the peace negotiations took place and the treaties ending the Thirty Years' War were signed in 1648.

Ferdinand III

The son of Ferdinand II who gained more control over Austrian lands, particularly Bohemia, after the Peace of Westphalia