Practical review 2

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

PCR:

Polymerase Chain reaction

What does PCR do?

Amplify the DNA

What does a restriction enzyme do?

Cut DNA

What were the two restriction enzyme that was used in lab? (lab 7)

Sal 1 and ECO R1

What was placed in the first gel well?

DNA ladder

What is A

Inner Membrane

What is B?

Intermembrane space

What is C?

Matrix

What is D?

Cristae

What is E?

Outer membrane

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Mitochondrial Matrix

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?

Inner membrane

Where does Glycolysis take place?

Cytosol

How many pyruvate molecules are created at the end of Glycolysis?

2

How many ATP molecules are made from one molecule of Glucose?

36

What is Phenol red?

a PH indicator

Photosynthesis consists of what two steps?

Light reactions and Calvin cycle

True or False:

CO2 is one of the waste products generated during cellular respiration?

True

What color wavelength of light is absorbed in plants?

All but green

What are the two products that results from photosynthesis?

Oxygen and Glucose

What plant pigments plays the greatest role in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll A

What is A?

Chromosome

What is B?

DNA double helix

What is the structure labeled B? (The middle of the red)

The Centromere

Is this Mitosis or Meiosis?

Mitosis

What is the structure labeled C? (Red)

Chromosome

What phase is this in?

Prometaphase

Is this Mitosis or Meiosis/

Meiosis

What is the structure labeled B?

Nucleus

What is the structure labeled C?

Spindle Fibers

What phase?

Prophase l

Is this Mitosis or Meiosis?

Meiosis

What is the structure labeled B?

Centriole

What is the structure labeled C?

Chromatid

What phase is this in?

Anaphase ll

What is the haploid number of human chromosomes?

23

True or False
Male and Female gametes are produced at different rates in humans

True

How many individual autosomes are present in a human karyotype?

44

How many cells result from mitosis?

2

How many cells result from meiosis?

4

Are the new daughter cells in mitosis a haploid or a diploid?

Diploid

Give an example of a type of cell in the body produced by meiosis

the reproductive cells (egg and sperm)

give an example of a type of cell in the body that is produced by mitosis

liver cell or skin cell

What is the called?

a Pedigree

True or False:
individuals that are shaded do not have the trait of interest

false

True or False:
shapes within the circle demonstrates a husband/ wife relationship

True

What type of macromolecule is DNA?

Nucleic acid

What type of macromolecule is RNA?

Nucleic Acid

DNA is made up of what Four nitrogenous bases:

Adenin, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

DNA is bounded to the nitrogenous bases and _____ backbone and the pentose sugar _______.

Phosphate, Deoxyribose

During Gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragments tend to travel the shortest distance?

the larger one

Which side of the electrophoresis chamber does your sample travel towards?

The positive side

What is the name of the chemical that was used during Gel electrophoresis to help visualize DNA fragments?

Ethidium Bromide

Which of the nucleotide are pyrimidine?

Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine

Which of the nucleotide are Purine?

Adenine and Guanine

Where is the rRNA made?

Nucleous

Where does Translation occur?

Ribosome

Where does Transcription occur?

Nucleus

what is this?

The central Dogma

What is A?

DNA

What is B?

Transcription

What is C?

RNA

What is D?

translation

What is E?

Protein

what 2 bonded nucleotides denature faster?

Adenine and thymine

What 2 bonded nucleotide denature slower?

Cytosine and Guanine

How many amino acids are there?

20

What are the post0transcriptional modification that occurs before mRNA can exit the cell nucleus?

The 5 prime cap or 3 prime poly (A) tail

What is 1?

Initiation

What is 2

Elongation

What is 3?

Termination

What is 4?

Stop Sequence

What is 5?

Promoter

What is 6?

RNA

What is 7?

DNA

Using the gametes (G and g) create a genotype that is homozygous dominant

GG

Using the gametes (H and h) create a genotype that is heterogeneous recessive

Hh

_____ is the term used to describe alternative expression forms a gene that encode for the same trait

Allele

What is the chances of flipping a fair coin and landing with Heads up four times in a row?

1/64

What is the changes of rolling the number 7 on a standard, fair die?

0% (a standard die only goes to 6)

What are the chances of rolling the number 3, twice in a row using a standard, fair die?

1/36

_____ are regions of the DNA that encode for proteins

genes

A ____ refers to a genetic location on a chromosome

Loci

Gregor ______ is referred to as the “ father of genetics”

Mendel

True or false:
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions

True

what is the name of this piece of equipment?

Spectrophotometer

The _______ _______ of a chemical reaction is lowered by enzymes, which allows the reaction to happen more quickly and easily

Activation Energy

What are the four levels of enzyme structure?

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Enzyme lab
4__(A)____ + 4 H2O2 → _______ + 8 H2O
what is blank A?

Guiaicol

Enzyme lab
4__(A)____ + 4 H2O2 → __(B)_____ + 8 H2O
what is blank B?

Tetraguiaciol

what is the formula for Cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

CO2+H2O+ Energy (light) → C6H12O6(glucose) + O2

True or False
Enzymes must always be at a neutral pH to function properly

false

True or false
Enzyme names typically end in the suffix -ase

True

True or False
Once an enzyme converts products to reactants, the enzyme can be reused

true