Biology H, Chapter 4 Cellular Respiration and photosynthesis

What is the chemical equation for Cellular Respiration?

C6+H12+O6 ——- CO2+H2O+ATP

What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis?

CO2+H2O+ATP ———- C6+H12+O6

What are the steps for CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC

What are the steps of PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

Photosystems, Calvin Cycle

What important events occur during glycolysis?

Splits glucose and procures energy carrying molecules.

How many ATP are needed and produced during Glycolysis?

2 ATP are needed, and 2are produced

What is the role of NAD+ in Glycolysis?

NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis

What occurs during the Krebs Cycle (what goes in and comes out)?

The Krebs cycle produces energy carriers from the breakdown of carbon based molecules. Pyruvic acid comes in, CO2 and ATP is released.

What important events occur during the ETC of aerobic respiration?

Electron energy pumps hydrogen ions to produce ATP from ATP synthase. Water and oxygen are released.

What is the final acceptor in ETC?

Oxygen

What is fermentation?

It allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable.

What is the difference between muscle cells and yeast cells during FERMENTATION?

Muscle cells produce lactic acid and yeast cells produce alcoholic fermentation.

What happens to energy when a chemical bond is broken?

It is released as HEAT.

What is ATP? How does it provide energy to the cell?

Adenosine Triphosphate. It transfers energy from the breakdown of ADP by removing a phosphate.

How is a burning candle similar to aerobic respiration?

It releases CO2, takes in oxygen, needs fuel to make energy, will die without oxygen, releases heat.

Why do blue objects appear blue?

They reflect blue wavelengths and absorbs the other ones (red, green)

What are the different pigments in leaves?

Chlorophyll, carotene, xanothophyll

Why do leaves change color in the fall?

The chlorophyll breaks down due to the lack of sunlight, revealing the other pigments.

What is the difference between xylem and phloem?

Xylem transports water, and phloem transports sugars and other helpful materials across the plant

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Absorbs light

How does the structure of the chloroplasts help them do what they do?

They provide an internal environment for photosynthesis to occur

Where does the carbon in glucose come from?

The carbon dioxide that heterotrophs exhale.

What is the role of water in photosynthesis

it is the source of electrons

What is hydrolysis?

it is a chemical breakdown of a compound that interacts with water.

What does hydrolysis produce?

Produces hydrogen and oxegen?

What does the Calvin Cycle do?

The Calvin cycle converts CO2 into sugars.

What goes in and out of the Calvin Cycle?

Carbon dioxide is added, and a 3 carbon molecule exits.

Why is the sun considered the ultimate source of energy for life on earth?

It enables photosynthesis in plants. We then breathe in the oxygen that plants release and exhale CO2 which plants use.

What is the different between ATP and ADP

ATP is a high energy molecule, and ADP is a low energy molecule.

Where does photosynthesis take place?

In 2 parts of the chloroplast; the grana and the stroma

Thylakoids are;

coin shaped membrane enclosed compartments inside the chloroplast

What is the function of light dependent reactions?

It captures and transfers energy

What is the function of light independent reactions?

They build sugars

Where does cellular respiration take place?

The mitochondria, in the matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane

What are the parts of a leaf?

Cuticle, upper epidermis, palacide mesophyll cell, bundle sheath cell, lower epidermis, stroma