Chapter. 34 Key Terms

Yalta Conference

Meeting between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin to plan post-war Europe and the division of Germany.

Bretton Woods Conference

Conference establishing the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank to stabilize the global economy.

United Nations

An international organization founded to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations.

Nuremberg Trials

Post-World War II military tribunals prosecuting Nazi leaders for war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Berlin Airlift

U.S. and allies supplied West Berlin by air after the Soviet blockade.

Containment

A U.S. Cold War policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

Truman Doctrine

policy pledging U.S. support for nations resisting communism

Marshall Plan

A U.S. program providing economic aid to rebuild European economies after World War II.

NATO

A military alliance formed to counter Soviet expansion

NSC-68

Increased military spending to combat Soviet influence

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Committee that investigated alleged communist influence.

McCarthyism

A period of intense anti-communist accusations, led by Senator McCarthy.

Executive Order 9981

order by President Truman desegregating the U.S. military.

Taft-Hartley Act

restricted the power of labor unions and allowed the president to intervene in strikes.

Operation Dixie

A failed post-WWII effort to unionize workers in the South

Employment Act of 1946

Promoted economic stability and full employment.

GI Bill

Provided education and housing benefits to World War II veterans.

Fair Deal

President Truman’s program advocating social reforms and civil rights

Sunbelt

A region in the southern and western U.S. that experienced rapid population and economic growth after WWII.

Levittown

A post-WWII suburban housing development symbolizing mass-produced affordable homes.

Redlining

A discriminatory banking practice denying loans to certain racial or ethnic groups

Baby Boom

A significant increase in birth rates following World War II.

Joseph Stalin

The leader of the Soviet Union overseeing its role in World War II and the Cold War.

Jiang Jieshi

The leader of China’s Nationalist government, who fled to Taiwan after losing to the Communists in 1949.

Alger Hiss

Government official accused of being a Soviet spy, convicted of perjury

George Kennan

Strategist who developed the Cold War policy of containment.

Benjamin Spock

Pediatrician whose book on child care shaped parenting in the 1900