UNLV KIN 223 EXAM 2!

Which of the following is not a component of the cytoplasm?

Organelles

Chromatin

Cytosol

Inclusions

Chromatin

Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as

facilitation.
equilibrium.
active transport.
selective transport.
diffusion.

diffusion.

Contains the cytosol, inclusions, and organelles

cytoplasm
plasma membrane
nucleus

cytoplasm

During transcription

a protein is formed as a DNA sequence is read.
an RNA molecule is formed as a DNA sequence is read.
a protein is formed as a RNA sequence is read.
an amino acid is transferred to a ribosome as a DNA sequence is read.
a DNA sequence is formed as a RNA sequence is read.

an RNA molecule is formed as a DNA sequence is read.

Apoptosis is best described as

the process of immune cells recognizing an infected cell as "foreign".
the process of an aging cell becoming cancerous.
the destruction of a cell through mechanical damage.
a process where cells destroy themselves.

a process where cells destroy themselves.

The _______ is responsible for forming the outer, limiting barrier of a cell.

mitochondrion
ribosome
peroxisome
centrosome
plasma membrane

plasma membrane

The building blocks that form the DNA double helix are called

nitrogenous acids.
steroid bases.
nucleotides.
nucleoli.
nuclear pores.

nucleotides.

When a cell surrounds a large particle with pseudopodia and then engulfs it, the process is called

phagocytosis.
exocytosis.
secondary active transport.
pinocytosis.
receptor-mediated endopinocytosis.

phagocytosis.

Pinocytosis is the process in which the cell

internalizes ("eats") a large solid particle.
pumps small solutes against their concentration gradient and out of the cell.
internalizes ("drinks") a droplet of interstitial fluid.
splits ("pinches") off a small part of itself to secrete into the extracellular space.

internalizes ("drinks") a droplet of interstitial fluid.

!The function of the nucleolus is to make!

the secretions that will be packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
histones.
DNA molecules.
the deoxyribose sugar.
the subunits of ribosomes.

DNA molecules.

!When a cell is placed in a solution with a very low solute concentration, water diffuses into the cell. Such a solution is called a(n) _________ solution.!

isotonic
endergonic
hypertonic
hypotonic

isotonic

Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins.

catalytic
integral
peripheral
cytoskeleton

integral

The phase of mitosis that begins as spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere is

anaphase.
metaphase.
telophase.
prophase.
interphase.

anaphase.

Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of

simple diffusion.
facilitated diffusion.
active transport.
carrier-mediated diffusion.
endocytosis.

facilitated diffusion.

Which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and secretion?

Cilia and microvilli
Cilia
Flagella
Cilia and flagella
Microvilli

Microvilli

Forms the outer barrier of the cell

cytoplasm
plasma membrane
nucleus

plasma membrane

The cell's control center

cytoplasm
plasma membrane
nucleus

nucleus

Movement of fluids through a selectively permeable membrane caused by hydrostatic pressure is referred to as _____.

osmosis

hydrostatic pressure

filtration

carrier-mediated diffusion

concentration gradient

simple diffusion

filtration

The pressure exerted by a fluid on the inside wall of its container (or vessel, in the case of the human body), is called ____.

osmosis

hydrostatic pressure

filtration

carrier-mediated diffusion

concentration gradient

simple diffusion

hydrostatic pressure

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration describes ___.

osmosis

hydrostatic pressure

filtration

carrier-mediated diffusion

concentration gradient

simple diffusion

simple diffusion

Movement away from high solvent concentration or towards high solute concentration describes

osmosis
hydrostatic pressure
filtration
carrier-mediated diffusion
concentration gradient
simple diffusion

osmosis

The movement of small, polar molecules across the plasma membrane by a carrier protein is called.

osmosis
hydrostatic pressure
filtration
carrier-mediated diffusion
concentration gradient
simple diffusion

carrier-mediated diffusion

Label each type of intercellular junction.

Which type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers, including an apical layer containing tall, slender cells?

Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Pseudostratified squamous
Simple squamous
Stratified columnar

Stratified columnar

Endocrine glands

lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.
lack ducts and secrete their products onto the skin surface.
possess short ducts and secrete their products directly onto the skin surface.
possess ducts to secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.
secrete mucus directly into a body cavity.

lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.

Ligaments are very strong but resistant to stretch. Which protein fiber probably predominates?

Collagen
Reticular
Adipose
Elastic

Collagen

Plasma is

platelets and a watery ground substance.
a dissolved ground matrix and a lining of epithelial cells.
a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins.
platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
a liquefied ground substance that includes several dissolved cells.

a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins.

Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities?

Muscle
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous
None of the choices is correct.

Epithelial

The primary role of epithelial tissue in the stomach is

regulation of contraction.
housing blood vessels and nerves.Incorrect
secretion of substances for chemical digestion.
mixing and propulsion of foodstuffs.

secretion of substances for chemical digestion.

Connective tissue proper is divided into two broad categories: loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. This classification is based upon the

size of the cells present.
origin of the tissue type.
number of different cells types and their respective arrangement.
relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present.
location of the tissue.

relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present.

Suppose that you were involved in an automobile accident and suffered a back injury. When examined by your physician you are told that you have a slipped disc in the lower back. What type of tissue is involved?

Bone
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Adipose tissue
Dense regular connective tissue

Fibrocartilage

Endocrine glands secrete

sweat.
hormones.
saliva.
digestive enzymes.
All of the choices are correct.

hormones.

The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is __________ muscle.

cardiac
skeletal
smooth

smooth

Groups of similar cells and extracellular products that carry out a common function are called

organs.
organ systems.
matrices.
tissues.

tissues.

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium.

simple squamous
stratified squamous nonkeratinized
stratified squamous keratinized
pseudostratified
transitional

transitional

The heart is confined within a double-walled serous membrane sac. The part of the membrane that is in contact with the heart is the _____ layer.

visceral
serous
synovial
parietal
mesothelial

visceral

The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are

neurons and mast cells.
neurons and chondrocytes.
macrophages and mast cells.
neurons and glial cells.
mast cells and fibrocytes.

neurons and glial cells.

Correctly label the following areas on a slide of nervous tissue.

Classify the exocrine glands based on their mode of secretion.

The structure responsible for pulling on the follicle and causing "goose bumps" is the

epithelial root sheath.
internal root sheath.
papilla.
arrector pili muscle.
external root sheath.

arrector pili muscle.

Normally, skin color results from a combination of
a: melanin
b: hemoglobin
c: bilirubin
d: carotene

a, d
a, c, d
b, c, d
a, b, c

a, b, d

The integument consists of the epidermis, which is composed of _____________, and the dermis, which is composed primarily of ____________ connective tissue.

simple columnar epithelium; stratified
simple squamous epithelium; dense regular
dense irregular connective tissue; dense regular and dense irregular
stratified squamous epithelium; dense irregular

stratified squamous epithelium; dense irregular

Protects against abrasion; contains melanin, which absorbs damaging UV light

skin
hair
glands
nails

skin

Protects against abrasion; acts as a heat insulator, protects the eyes against foreign objects

skin
hair
glands
nails

hair

Produce secretions that create an environment unsuitable for some microorganisms

skin
hair
glands
nails

glands

Protect the ends of the fingers and toes from damage; can be used in defense

skin
hair
glands
nails

nails

Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?

Constriction of the dermal collagen and elastic fibers
Dehydration of the stratum corneum
Vasoconstriction has occurred
Purely psychological
Vasodilation has occurred

Vasoconstriction has occurred

The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include

frequent regeneration, structural support, and defense against infection.
maintenance of boundaries and sensation of stimuli.
water regulation and vitamin synthesis.
organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.

organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.

Of the following factors, which one does not contribute to skin aging?

Beginning in middle age, reduced stem cell activity in the epidermis results in thinner skin that is less likely to protect against abrasive, mechanical trauma.

Chronic overexposure to UV rays can damage the DNA in epidermal cells and accelerate aging as well as increase the risk of skin cancer.

As individuals get older, collagen fibers in the dermis decrease in number and organization, and elastic fibers lose elasticity.

The skin increases the number and efficiency of epidermal dendritic cells, causing an increase in immune responsiveness.

The skin increases the number and efficiency of epidermal dendritic cells, causing an increase in immune responsiveness.

Which are applicable to the stratum corneum?
a: Most superficial stratum
b: Consists of about 3-5 cell layers
c: Cells are dead
d: Interlocking keratinized cells
e: Cells are anucleate

a, c, e
a, c, d, e
a, b, c, d, e
a, c, d
a, b, d

a, c, d, e

Which is not a function of the integument?

Water loss prevention

Synthesis of cholecalciferol (vitamin D precursor)

No exceptions; all are functions of the integument

Protection

Temperature regulation

No exceptions; all are functions of the integument

From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is

Corneum - lucidum - granulosum - spinosum - basale
Basale - granulosum - spinosum - lucidum - corneum
Spinosum - granulosum - basale - lucidum - corneum
Basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum
Corneum - granulosum - lucidum - spinosum - basale

Basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum

What type of epithelium is found in the epidermis?

Keratinized stratified cuboidal
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Transitional
Nonkeratinized stratitified cuboidal
Keratinized stratified squamous

Keratinized stratified squamous

Which of these are functions of hair?
a: Sensory reception
b: Heat retention
c: Immune function
d: Protection
e: Formation of Vitamin D3

a, d, e
a, b, d, e
a, b, d
a, b, c, d, e

a, b, d

Which of the following is not found in thick skin?

Sweat glands

Hair follicles

Stratum lucidum

Stratum corneum

Hair follicles

Structures found in the dermis include
a: sweat glands
b: hair follicles
c: collagen fibers
d: sensory nerve endings
e: arrector pili muscles

a, c, d
a, b, c, e
a, b, d
a, b, c, d, e
a, b, d, e

a, b, c, d, e

Nails are a scalelike modification of the stratum corneum layer of the ___.

epidermis

stratum corneum

dermis

dorsal

ventral

do

do not

epidermis

Nails form on the ___ edges of the fingers and the toes.

epidermis

stratum corneum

dermis

dorsal

ventral

do

do not

dorsal

Fingernails ___ protect the digits from damage.

epidermis

stratum corneum

dermis

dorsal

ventral

do

do not

do

Going outside on a cold day

Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

Jumping into a cold pool

Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

Sitting in the sun on a warm day

Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation

Vasodilation

Running on the treadmill at the gym

Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation

Vasodilation

Label the structures of the integument.