Chapter 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

What are Histones?

Proteins that rich in arginine and lysine. Responsible for the main level of DNA packing interphase chromatin. Have tails that sticked out, that are either the N- or C- terminus.

What is Chromatin composed of?

DNA and Proteins.

What are the subunits of Chromatin?

Nucleosome.

What do nucleosomes contain?

200 basepair DNA molecules + Octamer of histones.

What are the two types of Chromatin?

Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.

What are the fibers like in Euchromatin?

Fibers are less denseley packed.

What are the fibers like in Heterochromatin?

Fibers are categorized in regions and are densely packed chromatin.

What is chromosome territory?

Chromatins that are separated into separate regions, accumulating up in one space. They can be reproduced.

If a homo sapien has 23 pairs of chromosomes, how many dna molecules would exist in each somatic cell?

46 double-stranded DNA molecules.

How many base pairs does the human genome have?

3 billion nucleotides/base pairs.

What are introns?

Intervening sequences that don’t turn into protein.

What defines the gene region?

The length of the whole RNA.

How does DNA transcribe into RNA to protein?

tba…

What are the different types of RNA?

Ribosomal RNA, Messenger RNA, and Transfer RNA.

Ribosomal and messenger are essential for transcription.

What charge does the DNA have?

Negative because of the phosphate groups.

Why do amino acids and DNA wrap around eachother?

Amino acids are postively charge whereas the DNA is negatively charged… so they naturally attract.

How many nucleosomes would be required for a diploid human genome?

40 million nucleosomes.