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Pastoral Nomadism
A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
Shifting Cultivation
The use of tropical forest clearings for crop production until their fertility is lost. Plots are then abandoned, and farmers move on to new sites.
Intensive Subsistence
A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
Rice Dominant
A type of farming that occurs in the developing world. Uses terrace farming to make the land more efficient.
Mixed crop and livestock farming
Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans. This system allows for efficient land use and provides a stable source of income for farmers through both crop and livestock production.
Dairy Farming
A form of commercial livestock production where cattle is used for the processing of milk and other dairy products. It involves breeding and raising dairy cows to produce milk, which is then processed into various products like cheese, butter, and yogurt.
Grain Farming
A type of commercial agriculture, is considered extensive and mechanized, that produces mainly wheat. It typically involves large-scale farming operations that focus on the cultivation of grains for food, feed, and other products. This method often utilizes advanced machinery and technology to maximize efficiency and yield.
Livestock Ranching
The raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other byproducts such as leather and wool. This type of agriculture often involves large areas of land and may include cattle, sheep, and goats, focusing on the sustainable management of grazing.
Mediterranean Agriculture
An agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean style climates where specialty crops such as grapes, avocados, olives, and a host of nuts, fruits, and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations. It is characterized by the cultivation of crops that thrive in dry summers and mild, wet winters, often relying on irrigation and diverse crop rotations.
Commercial Gardening
The intensive production of non tropical fruits, vegetables, and flowers for sale off the farm. This type of agriculture often utilizes small plots of land and may involve practices such as high-value crop production, often for local markets.
Plantation Agriculture
Growing specialized crops such as bananas, coffee, and cacao in tropical developing countries, primarily for sale to developed countries. It typically involves large estates that rely on a labor force for planting, harvesting, and processing the crops, often using monoculture practices.
Luxury Crops
Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco. Multi-step processing. These crops are typically grown for export and are considered high-value commodities.
Terrace Farming
A farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain.
Monoculture
Dependence on a single agricultural commodity.
Extensive Farming
A farming practice that requires large areas of land to produce relatively low yields per acre, often relying on natural resources and minimal labor inputs. Where small amounts of capital and labor are used in relation to the amount of land being farmed
Intensive Land Use
-Small area farms or ranches
-High inputs of labor and high output per acre
Transhumance
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
Fair Trade Movement
An effort to promote higher incomes for producers and for more sustainable farming practices
Metes and Bounds
A method of land description which involves identifying distances and directions and makes use of both the physical boundaries and measurements of the land.
Township and Range
Rigid grid-like pattern used to facilitate the dispersal of settlers evenly across farmlands.
French Long-lot
Divisions are long and narrow
French areas of the US
Land by waterways
Von Thunen Model
A model that explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy. A process of spatial competition allocates various farming activities into rings around a central market city, with profit-earning capability the determining force in how far a crop locates from the market
Von Thunen Ring 1
Dairy farming and Market Gardening due to the perishability of the goods.
Von Thunen Ring 2
Forests due to the expense to ship firewood
Von Thunen Ring 3
Grain and corn crops due to them being cheaper to ship and less perishable.
Von Thunen Ring 4
Ranching and livestock location due to them being able to walk market.
Perishable Goods
food that does need refrigeration because it is likely to spoil or decay
Non-Perishable Goods
food that does not need refrigeration
Bid-Rent Theory
a geographical economic theory to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the CBD increases
soil salinization
in arid regions, irrigation water evaporates, leaving salts behind
Desertification
the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
Localvore
person who is dedicated to eating food grown and produced locally or grown and produced personally; localvores typically are not motivated strictly by a profit motive
Organic Agriculture
Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.
Runoff
Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers
carbon footprint
measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced, measured in units of carbon dioxide
irrigation
The process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops.
Food Desert
An area that has a substantial amount of low-income residents and has poor access to a grocery store, defined in most cases as further than 1 mile.
Double Cropping
Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
Intercropping
Growing two or more different crops at the same time on a plot.
Feed Lot
a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market
Agribusiness
Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Supply Chain
consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in obtaining raw materials or a product
Cool Chains
the refrigeration and transport technologies that allow for the distribution of perishables
Infrastructure
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Subsidies
A grant or contribution of money, especially one made by a government in support of an undertaking or the upkeep of a thing
Milk Shed
The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
Kosher
prepared according to Jewish dietary law
halal
denoting or relating to meat prepared as prescribed by Muslim law.
