BCIT MRAD Vertebral features

cervical body

oval

thoracic body

heart

lumbar body

kidney

cervical TP

short, transversarium foramen

thoracic TP

thick, strong, lateral, superior, posterior

lumbar TP

long, thin, horizontal, 45 degrees posterior

cervical SP

short, bifid, horizontal

thoracic SP

long, thin, sharply downwards

lumbar SP

thick, broad, horizontal

cervical VF

large, triangular

thoracic VF

small, circular

lumbar VF

medium, triangular

cervical IVF

45 degrees anterior, 15 degrees caudad

thoracic IVF

90 degrees to median plane

lumbar IVF

90 degrees to median plane

cervical Z-joints

90 degrees from median plane, slope inferiorly anterior-posterior

thoracic z-joints

vertical, sloping 20 degrees down from anterior to posterior

lumbar z-joints

45 degrees posterior