Blood Study Guide

Transport medium made up of solid and liquid portions (connective tissue, WBC’s RBC’s etc.)

Blood

How many liters of blood does a female have

4 to 5

How many liters does a male have

5 to 6

Yellowish liquid portion of blood contains proteins and antibodies

Plasma

How much does plasma make up the volume of blood

55%

Percentages of water, proteins, and solids of plasma

91% water, 7% proteins, 2% solids

Which proteins can be found in plasma

Fibrinogen and prothrombin

What is the key role of fibrinogen and prothrombin

Blood clotting

Created in bone marrow, solid portion of blood, made up of RBC’s(major portion) and WBC’s

Formed elements

Formed elements makes up how much volume of blood

45%

Erythrocytes, does not contain nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria

Red blood cells

Volume of all red blood cells in the blood

Hematocrit

Arteries are

Thicker

Veins are

Thinner

Capillaries allow

Diffusion of oxygen

Primary component of RBC’s

Hemoglobin

Gives blood it’s red color

Hemoglobin

Pigment that makes blood red

Heme

Heme and iron do what

Make the the primary function of oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation possible

RBC’s contain what protein

Spectrin

Make RBC’s flexible enough to squeeze through small blood vessels

Spectrin

Where are RBC’s formed

In Red bone marrow from a hematopoietic stem cells

Another word for hematopoietic stem cells

Hemocytoblast

Life span of a RBC

120 days and if it’s old or abnormal the cell undergoes phagocytosis

In which organ(s) do RBC’s undergo phagocytosis

Liver and spleen

Why is poop brown?

Heme is broken down and the pigment is excreted into large insets tube and become part of feces

Condition where RBC’s are decreased (due to low iron and low oxygen)

Anemia

White blood cells

Leukocytes

What are the two main categories of WBC’s

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Which cells are considered granulocytes

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Which granulocyte cell is the most abundant

Neutrophils

Cellular defense by phagocytosis of small microorganisms

Neutrophils

Function in anticoagulation and inflammatory response to injury or allergens

Basophils

What protein is on basophils for anitcoagulation

Heparin

Function in cellular defense by phagocytosis of large microorganisms and inflammatory response to allergens

Eosinophils 

Which WBC’s are agranulocytes

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Lymphocytes

Secretes antibodies (B lymphocytes) in an immune response

T lymphocytes activate

Helper and killer T cells

Migrate out of blood to tissue spaces to phagocytize bacteria, cellular debris, and cancer cells

Monocytes

Irregularly shaped blood cells are involved with agglutination, adhesiveness, and aggregation that allow hemostatsis and blood clotting

Platelets

Stoppage of blood flow achieved by platelets sticking together

Hematostasis

Lymphoid stem cells make

B and T(thymus) lymphocytes

Myeloid stem cells make

Red blood cells, platelets, granulocytes, myeloblast

Blood stem cells make

lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells

1st line of defense

Barrier of epithelium such as sweat, skin, oil, tears, wax,

Mucus membrane mucus, saliva, cilia

2nd line of defense

Get past first line of defense, inflammatory response, blood flow increases, swelling, redness, heat, release of histamines

3rd line of defense

Specific, 1 antibody per 1 antigen, B cells release antibodies, attach to B cells

Vaccines

Artificial active

Get sick and recover

Natural active

Non-specific

1st and 2nd line of defense

Specific

3rd line of defense

Coagulation

Blood clotting

Chemical released from damaged tissues to form prothrombin to cause clotting

Extrinsic pathway

Chemical are released in the blood to form prothrombin to cause clotting

Intrinsic pathway

Blood types

Are based on the presence or absence of antibodies in plasma

Type A RBC

A antigens and B antibodies

Type B RBC

B antigens A antibodies

Type O RBC

No antigens A&B antibodies universal donor

Type AB RBC

A&B antigens no antibodies universal recipient

What can happen if incompatible blood mixes

Agglutination or clumping of blood

Genotype

Gene makeup

What genes you got

Phenotype

Appearance

Expressed genes

How do you look

Type A

I^A I^A

I^A i

Type B

I^B I^B

I^B i

Type AB

I^A I^B

Type O

i i