Lab Anatomy U1

Cephalic

Head region.

Cranial

Skull.

Facial

Entire face.

Frontal

Frontal bone of the skull and the Frontal lobe of the brain

Orbital

Eye/orbit region.

Nasal

Nose region.

Buccal

Cheek. 😊

Oral

Mouth.

Mental

Chin. hmm

Cervical

Neck. *instead of down there in here

Thoracic

Chest. *thor

Sternal

Center of front chest

Pectoral

Chest/breastbone-side region.

Axillary

Armpit. *axe

Mammary

Breast. *mama

Abdominal

Abdomen.

Pelvic

Pelvis.

Inguinal

Groin.

Pubic

Genital/pelvic region.

Deltoid

Shoulder muscle

Brachial

Upper arm.

Antecubital

Front of elbow

Olecranal/olecranon

Back of elbow; olecranon is the bony point.

Antebrachial

Forearm.

Carpal

Wrist.

Manus/manual

Hand.

Palmar

Palm.

Digital

Fingers/toes.

Coxal

Hip.

Femoral

Thigh.

Patellar

Front of knee.

Popliteal

Back of knee.

Crural

Front of lower leg.

Sural

Calf/back of lower leg.

Pedal/pes

Whole Foot.

Tarsal

Ankle.

Calcaneal

Heel.

Dorsum?

Back/top surface of hand or foot.

Otic

Ear.

Occipital

Back/base of skull.

Scapular

Shoulder-blade region.

Vertebral

Spinal-column region.

Lumbar

Lower back.

Gluteal

Buttocks.

Perineal/perineum

Area between external genitalia and anus.

Superior/Inferior

Ubove/Below

Cephalad(Cranial)/caud

Cephalad (cranial) = toward the head/

caudal = toward the tail or lower part of the body

Anterior/Posterior

Anterior=the front of the body

Posterior =the back of the body

Dorsal/ventral

Dorsal=the back or posterior portion of the body ventral= the front or anterior

Superficial/deep

Superficial= closer to the surface of the body

deep=farther away from the surface toward the inside

Proximal/distal

Proximal=Closer to the trunk of the body or the point of attachment of a limb.

Distal=Farther away from the trunk of the body or the point of attachment of a limb

Medial/lateral

Medial: Toward or closer to the midline of the body.

Lateral: Away from the midline or toward the side of the body.

intermediate

lies between a medial structure (closer to the body's midline) and a lateral structure (farther from the midline)

Supine=lying flat on your back facing up

Prone=lying flat on your stomach facing down *prone to lying down

Sagittal (Median)

Vertical plane dividing right and left portions. Side

(Midsagittal perf in the middle)

(Parasagittal not perf)

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Divides the body into front and back half.

Transverse

Horizontal plane dividing superior and inferior portions.

Dorsal Cavity

Posterior body cavity containing cranial and vertebral cavities.

Cranial Cavity

Cavity inside the skull containing the brain.

IN DORSAL.

Vertebral/Spinal Cavity

Cavity within the vertebral column containing the spinal cord.

IN DORSAL.

Ventral Cavity

Anterior Body cavity containing thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Thoracic Cavity

Chest cavity containing the lungs and heart.

IN VENTRAL

Pleural Cavity

Fluid filled space surrounding each lung.

Mediastinum

Central compartment of the thoracic region between the 2 lungs.

Pericardial Cavity

Fluid filled space surrounding the heart.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Containing abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Abdominal Cavity

Upper abdominopelvic cavity containing the digestive organs, kidneys, and ureters

Pelvic Cavity

Lower abdominopelvic cavity Contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and the rectum.

1 Right upper quadrant

Upper-right abdominal quadrant (patients perspective)

2 Left upper quadrant

Upper-left abdominal

3 Right lower quadrant

Lower-right abdominal quadrant

4 Left lower quadrant

Lower-left abdominal quadrant

Right hypochondriac

Upper-right abdominopelvic region. (patient perspective)

Epigastric

Upper-middle abdominopelvic region.

Left hypochondriac

Upper-left abdominopelvic region.

Right lumbar

Middle-right abdominopelvic region.

Umbilical

Middle region around the navel.

Left lumbar

Middle-left abdominopelvic region.

Right iliac (inguinal)

Lower-right abdominopelvic region.

Hypogastric (pubic)

Lower-middle abdominopelvic region.

Left iliac (inguinal)

Lower-left abdominopelvic region.

Total magnification calculation

Eyepiece magnification × objective magnification

• If eyepiece is 10x and you are using a 4x objective, the total magnification is 40x.

• If eyepiece is 10x and you are using a 10x objective, the total magnification is 100x.

• If eyepiece is 10x and you are using a 40x objective, the total magnification is 400x.

Resolution

Ability of a microscope to distinguish two close objects as separate.

Parfocal

Object in center stays focused when changing objective lenses.

Diameter of field

Width of the circular area visible through the microscope. measure how wide the cell is

Depth of field

Thickness of the specimen that remains in focus. how deep you can see into the cell before it goes blurry

Scanning power lens

Lowest-power objective used to locate the specimen.

Low power lens

the objective lens on a microscope that provides low magnification

High power lens

microscope lens that magnifies an object 40 times

Oil immersion lens

high-power objective used with immersion oil to improve resolution provides a 100x magnification

Diameter of Field Calculation

Use D1 × M1 = D2 × M2 when comparing field diameter and magnification. See the professor's drawing/model/slide for this structure.

Cell

Basic structural and functional unit of life. Use a labeled cell diagram/microscope image and locate the structure.

Nucleus

Membrane-bound organelle containing most cellular DNA. Use a labeled cell diagram/microscope image and locate the structure.

Nuclear pore

Opening that regulates movement into/out of the nucleus. See the professor's drawing/model/slide for this structure.

Nucleoli

Nuclear regions where ribosomal subunits are assembled. See the professor's drawing/model/slide for this structure.

Chromatin

DNA plus proteins in its less-condensed form. Use a labeled cell diagram/microscope image and locate the structure.

Chromosome

Highly condensed DNA-protein structure visible during cell division. Use a labeled cell diagram/microscope image and locate the structure.

Centrosome

Microtubule-organizing center that helps form the mitotic spindle. Use a labeled cell diagram/microscope image and locate the structure.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis. Use the required bone model/specimen and identify the landmark by its shape and position.

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

Membrane network; rough ER is associated with protein synthesis, while smooth ER makes lipids/steroids, helps detoxify, and stores calcium. Use a labeled cell diagram/microscope image and locate the structure.