Studied by 74 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Nature-Nurture
Issue-discussion over relative importance of nature and nature in their influence on behavior and mental processes
Conditioning
Classical and operant
Parent types
Authoritarian, Permissive, Negligent/uninvolved, and Authoritican (ideal)
Cognitive development
The process by which thinking changes over time
Sensorimotor
Birth to about 2
Innate motor responses to stimuli-see and touch
Preoperational
From 2 to 6/7
Marked by well developed mental; representation and the use of language
Animistic thinking
Confusing of animate/inanimate objects
Centration
Focus on one characteristic instead of all
Developmental psychology
How organisms change over time as the result of biological and environmental influences
Teratogens
Toxic substances that can damage the developing organism
Habituation
Decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus
Maturation
The unfolding of genetically programmed process of growth and development over time (Physical, intellectual,emotional)
Schema
Mental structures, concepts, frameworks that help organize information
Assimilation
Mental process that modifies new information to fit into existing schemas
Accommodation
Mental process that restructures existing schemas so that new information is better understood
Object permanence
Things continue to exist when not perceived
Conservation
Changing form doesn’t change amount/quantity
Egocentrism
Inability to see other POV’S
Theory of Mind
Awareness that other people’s behaviors may be influenced by beliefs, desires, and emotions that differ from one’s own
Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage of Cognitive Development
(Age 7-11)(Child is incapable of abstract thought)(Simple logic only)
Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development
(Age 12 and on)(Abstract thought- hypothetical logical consequences) (Understand impact on past and present)
Zone of proximal development
A general range for the development of children
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction
Stranger anxiety
The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months
Attachment
Deep enduring socio-emotional relationship with another
Harry Harlow’s contract comfort studies
Beyond biological needs (contact comfort)
Critical period
An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
Imprinting
Form an immediate attachment
Secure attachment
Consistent care
Insecure attachment
inconsistent care
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
Inconsistent, uncertain
Avoidant attachment
Unresponsive, independent
Temperament
Characteristic manner of behavior or reaction (Strong biological origin)
Basic trust
A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
Sex
The biologically influenced characteristic by which people define male and female
Gender
The socially influenced characterists
Relational aggression
An act of aggression intended to harm a persons relationship or social standing
Gender role
A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or for females
Gender identity
Our sense of being male, female, or some combination
Gender typing
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
Androgyny
Displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics
Transgender
An umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth-designated sex
Adolescence
The transition period from childhood to adulthood
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Moves from morality-based reward/punishment to one based on Abstract ethical principles (1 pre-conventional- Self-interest reward/consequences)(2 Conventional- acceptance, laws/social order)(3 post-conventional-mutual benefit ethical principles/rights/justice)
Erikson’s Psychological Stages of Development
(Childhood through adulthood)(Considers external factors, parents, society, culture)(Wide and integrated set of life skills and abilities)
Primary Sex Characteristics
The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Nonreproductive sexual traits
Intersex
A condition present at birth due to unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones, anatomy
Sexual orientation
Our enduring sexual attraction, usually toward members of our own sex or other sex
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs
Acquired disorders marked by cognitive deficits related to Alzheimer’s, brain injury or diseases, or substance abuse
Alzheimer’s disease
A neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques often with onset after age 80, a decline in memory and cognitive abilities
Social Clock
The culturally preferred timing of social events like marriage, parenthood, and retirement
