ccc- autism

Autism overview

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition involving differences in social communication, behaviour, sensory processing, and attention.

Medical vs neurodiversity models

The medical model frames autism as deficits, while the neurodiversity model emphasises difference, strengths, and context.

Neurodivergence

Refers to natural variation in human cognition and neurodevelopment.

Spiky profiles

Autistic individuals show uneven patterns of strengths and challenges rather than global impairment.

Identity-first language

Many autistic people prefer identity-first language as it affirms autism as part of identity.

Attention differences in autism

Attention is often characterised by hyperfocus, difficulty shifting, and sensory sensitivity.

Selective attention in autism

Differences in filtering relevant from irrelevant information.

Sustained attention in autism

Often strong, especially for tasks aligned with interests.

Divided attention challenges

Difficulty managing multiple tasks simultaneously, especially in complex environments.

Alternating attention

Difficulty shifting attention flexibly between tasks.

Hyperfocus

Intense, prolonged attention to specific interests or activities.

Benefits of hyperfocus

Hyperfocus can support deep learning, creativity, and high productivity.

Costs of hyperfocus

Hyperfocus can make task-switching difficult and disrupt daily functioning.

Dual-task paradigm

Assesses how performing two tasks simultaneously affects attention and performance.

Dual-task findings in autism

Often show strong sustained attention but reduced performance when task-switching is required.

Change blindness paradigm

Measures ability to detect changes in visual scenes over time.

Change blindness in autism

Findings are mixed and depend heavily on task design and relevance.

Methodological critique

Neurotypical paradigms may not validly capture autistic cognition.

Monotropism theory

Attention is interest-based, with resources focused on one or few topics at a time.

Environmental influence

Attention outcomes depend strongly on sensory, social, and task environments.

Educational implications

Supportive environments and interest-based learning improve attention and outcomes.

Overall conclusion

Attention in autism reflects differences in allocation and control, not simple deficit.