Module 1 Problem Set: Measurement, Matter, and Atomic Theory

Chemistry

What are the 3 domains of chemistry?

Macroscopic, Microscopic, and Symbolic Domain

Describe the Macroscopic Domain

large enough to be sensed directly by human sight or touch

Describe the Microscopic Domain

visited in the imagination (or visible through microscopes, etc)

Describe the Symbolic Domain

specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains

Classify the following as one of the 3 domains of chemistry: H₂O(l)

symbolic

Classify the following as one of the 3 domains of chemistry: a lead pencil

macroscopic

Classify the following as one of the 3 domains of chemistry: a water bottle

macroscopic

Classify the following as one of the 3 domains of chemistry: a carbon atom

microscopic

Classify the following as one of the 3 domains of chemistry: Cu(s)

symbolic

Classify the following as one of the 3 domains of chemistry: an electron

microscopic

What are the 3 basic parts of a measurement?

a number, a unit, and indication of uncertainty

Write the correct symbol and the property measured: second

s, time

Write the correct symbol and the property measured: meter

m, length

Write the correct symbol and the property measured: kelvin

K, temperature 

Write the correct symbol and the property measured: kilogram

kg, mass

Write the correct symbol and the property measured: kg per cubic meter

kg/m³, density 

Write the correct symbol and the property measured: mole

mol, amount of substance 

Write the correct symbol and the property measured: cubic meter

m³, volume 

What is the mass of a lead cylinder that has a volume of 54.2 cm³ and a density of 11.34 g/cm³? 

Equation:

Equation with values substituted:

Answer (with correct units and to 3 significant figures):

Equation: m = d × V

Equation with values substituted: m= 11.34g/cm³ x 54.2cm³

Answer (with correct units and to 3 significant figures): 615 g

What is the difference between an exact number and an uncertain measurement?

exact number - derived from counting

uncertain measurement - derived from a measurement other than counting and subject to uncertainty due to limitations of the measurement process used

Classify the following as either an exact number or an uncertain measurement: There are 4 quarts in 1 gallon.

exact

Classify the following as either an exact number or an uncertain measurement: The volume of the liquid is 12.3 mL.

uncertain

Classify the following as either an exact number or an uncertain measurement: There are 1000 g in 1 kg.

exact

Classify the following as either an exact number or an uncertain measurement: The ball has a mass of 10 g.

uncertain

Classify the following as either an exact number or an uncertain measurement: There are 10 pumpkins in the field.

exact

Determine how many significant figures are in the number: 0.01354

4

Determine how many significant figures are in the number: 1300

2

Determine how many significant figures are in the number: 520.3

4

Determine how many significant figures are in the number: 0.0430

3

Determine how many significant figures are in the number: 102.0

4

Perform the following calculations and report your answers to the correct number of significant figures: 11.2 + 3.45 + 7.845 + 8.9 = ______

31.4

Perform the following calculations and report your answers to the correct number of significant figures: 321/52 = ______

6.2

Perform the following calculations and report your answers to the correct number of significant figures: 113.5-6.22 = ______

107.3

Perform the following calculations and report your answers to the correct number of significant figures: 63.5 × 12 = ______

760

A metal cylinder was submerged in a graduated cylinder partially filled with water. The initial volume of water in the graduated cylinder before the metal cylinder was added was 10.5 mL. After the metal cylinder was submerged, the volume in the graduated cylinder was 15.6 mL. The mass of the metal cylinder is 98.4 grams.

1. What is the density of the metal cylinder?

Equation:

Equation with known values substituted:

Answer (with correct units and to 3 significant figures):

2. Given the following information, what is the metal rod made out of?

Metal	Density (g/cm3)
tin	7.29
tungsten	19.3
zinc	7.14

1. d = m/V

   d= 98.4/ (15.6 mL - 10.5 mL)

   19.3 g/mL (or g/cm³

2. Tungsten

Use dimensional analysis and the conversion factors below to perform the following unit conversion. You must show the setup of the calculation and the final answer to receive full credit. You do NOT need to show your intermediate work.

1 m = 1.0936 yd	1 L = 1.0567 qt	1 kg = 1000 g
1 km = 0.62137 mi	1 qt = 0.94635 L	1 g = 100 cg
1 mi = 1609.3 m	1 kg = 2.2046 lb	1 g = 1000 mg
1 in = 2.54 cm	1 lb = 453.59 g	1 L = 1000 mL

1. A girl ran 3.56 miles (mi). How many meters (m) did she run?

3.56 mi x (1609.3 m/ 1 mi) = 5730 m

Use dimensional analysis and the conversion factors below to perform the following unit conversion. You must show the setup of the calculation and the final answer to receive full credit. You do NOT need to show your intermediate work.

1 m = 1.0936 yd	1 L = 1.0567 qt	1 kg = 1000 g
1 km = 0.62137 mi	1 qt = 0.94635 L	1 g = 100 cg
1 mi = 1609.3 m	1 kg = 2.2046 lb	1 g = 1000 mg
1 in = 2.54 cm	1 lb = 453.59 g	1 L = 1000 mL

1. The boy drank 2 quarts of iced tea. How many milliliters (mL) of tea did he drink?

2 qts x (0.94635 L/ 1 qt) x (1000 mL/ 1 L)= 1890 mL

Use dimensional analysis and the conversion factors below to perform the following unit conversion. You must show the setup of the calculation and the final answer to receive full credit. You do NOT need to show your intermediate work.

1 m = 1.0936 yd	1 L = 1.0567 qt	1 kg = 1000 g
1 km = 0.62137 mi	1 qt = 0.94635 L	1 g = 100 cg
1 mi = 1609.3 m	1 kg = 2.2046 lb	1 g = 1000 mg
1 in = 2.54 cm	1 lb = 453.59 g	1 L = 1000 mL

1. The cube weighs 2.75 pounds (lb). How many centigrams (cg) is the cube?

2.75 lbs x (453.59 g/ 1 lb) x (100 cg/ 1 g) = 1.25x10⁵ cg or 125,000 cg

Use the following conversion factors to convert between the different temperature scales below.

 

Equations and calculations with values substituted:

Answer (with correct units and to 3 significant figures):  

1. 25.2 °C = ______°F

77.4 F

Use the following conversion factors to convert between the different temperature scales below.

 

Equations and calculations with values substituted:

Answer (with correct units and to 3 significant figures):  

1. 345 K = ______°C

71.9 C

Use the following conversion factors to convert between the different temperature scales below.

 

Equations and calculations with values substituted:

Answer (with correct units and to 3 significant figures):  

1. 15.1 °F = ______ K

264 K

What are the 3 states of matter commonly found on earth?

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Describe a solid

fixed shape and volume

Describe a liquid

takes the shape of the container, has a fixed volume, forms horizontal surface

Describe a gas

takes shape and volume of container

Give a brief explanation of the law of conservation of matter.

The amount of matter involved in a chemical or physical change must remain constant.

Classify the following types of matter as either an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture and explain your reasoning: coffee with cream and sugar

1. homogeneous mixture

   • appears visually the same throughout

Classify the following types of matter as either an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture and explain your reasoning: nitrogen

1. element

   • pure substance that cannot be broken down

Classify the following types of matter as either an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture and explain your reasoning: lemonade with ice

1. heterogeneous mixture

   • not uniform in composition

Classify the following types of matter as either an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture and explain your reasoning: calcium chloride

1. compound

   • pure substance made from two or more elements

Classify the following types of matter as either an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture and explain your reasoning: blood

1. homogeneous mixture

   • appears visually the same throughout

Classify the following types of matter as either an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture and explain your reasoning: sodium fluoride

1. compound

   • pure substance made from two or more elements

Classify the following types of matter as either an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture and explain your reasoning: chicken noodle soup

1. heterogeneous mixture

   • not uniform in composition

Classify the following types of matter as either an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture and explain your reasoning: carbon

1. element

   • pure substance that cannot be broken down

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical property: The cylinder has a mass of 15 g.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical property: The ball is pink.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical property: Acetone is flammable.

chemical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical property: The boiling point of water is 100°C.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical property: The paper is 30 cm long.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical property: Mercury is toxic.

chemical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical property: The density of water is ~1 g/mL.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical property: Sulfuric acid is highly acidic.

chemical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change: An egg is fried.

chemical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change: A piece of paper is cut.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change: A steak is cut into pieces.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change: Food is digested in the stomach.

chemical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change: An ice cream cone melts.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change: Sugar is dissolved in lemonade.

physical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change: Meat spoils.

chemical

Classify the following as either a physical or chemical change: Fireworks explode.

chemical

Classify the following as either an intensive or extensive property: The length of the table is 10 ft.

extensive

Classify the following as either an intensive or extensive property: The car is white.

intensive

Classify the following as either an intensive or extensive property: The coffee is at 70 °C.

intensive

Classify the following as either an intensive or extensive property: The volume of the solution is 50 L.

extensive

Classify the following as either an intensive or extensive property: The density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL.

intensive

Classify the following as either an intensive or extensive property: Water boils at 100 °C.

intensive

Classify the following as either an intensive or extensive property: The book weighs 35 g.

extensive

For the scientists listed below, briefly summarize their major discoveries and the equipment and/or experiments they used in their discoveries: J.J. Thomson

1. J.J. Thompson used a cathode ray tube to calculate the mass-to-charge ratio of cathode ray particles and ultimately discovered the electron.

For the scientists listed below, briefly summarize their major discoveries and the equipment and/or experiments they used in their discoveries: Robert A. Millikan

1. Robert A. Millikan determined the charge of an electron using an “oil drop” experiment.

For the scientists listed below, briefly summarize their major discoveries and the equipment and/or experiments they used in their discoveries: Ernest Rutherford

1. Ernest Rutherford fired 𝛂-particles at gold foil which led to the discovery of the proton.

What are the 3 subatomic particles in a typical atom and their charges?

proton = +

electron = -

neutron = no charge

Label the parts (A, B, and C) of the chemical symbol below.

A. Atomic number 

B. Mass number 

C. Charge 

How would the following symbol be changed to show an isotope of Mg?

The mass number (24) would change but the atomic number (12) would stay the same.

Write the chemical symbols for the following: An element that has 17 protons, 18 electrons, and 18 neutrons.

³⁵₁₇Cl^-1

Write the chemical symbols for the following: An element that has 24 protons, 18 electrons, and 28 neutrons.

⁵²₂₄Cr⁺⁶

Write the chemical symbols for the following:  An element that has 34 protons, 36 electrons, and 45 neutrons.

⁷⁹₃₄Se^-2

Fill in the missing information from the table below:

Element Symbol	1. _________
Atomic Number	47
Mass Number	108
Protons	2. _________
Electrons	46
Neutrons	3. _________
Atomic Charge	4. _________

1. Ag

2. 47

3. 61

4. +1

Fill in the missing information from the table below:

 

Element Symbol	1. _________
Atomic Number	2. _________
Mass Number	3. _________
Protons	78
Electrons	78
Neutrons	117
Atomic Charge	4. _________

1. Pt

2. 78

3. 195

4. 0

Fill in the missing information from the table below:

 

Element Symbol	F
Atomic Number	1. _________
Mass Number	19
Protons	2. _________
Electrons	3. _________
Neutrons	4. _________
Atomic Charge	1-

1. 9

2. 9

3. 10

4. 10

A sample of sulfur is found to contain 94.93% of ³²S atoms (mass 31.972 amu), 0.76% of ³³S atoms (mass 32.971 amu), 4.29% of ³⁴S atoms (mass 33.968 amu) and 0.02% of ³⁶S atoms (mass 35.967 amu) . Calculate the average mass of a S atom.

Setup:

Answer (with correct units and to 4 significant figures):

Average Mass of Sulfur = (0.9493 x 31.972amu) + (0.0076 x 32.971amu) + (0.0429 x 33.968amu) + (0.0002 x 35.967amu)

Answer: 32.07 amu