Biology: Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems Practice

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering cell organelles, tissue types, and basic molecular biology based on the lecture notes.

Epithelial tissue

A type of tissue that protects the body surface, forms glands, and is involved in protection and absorption (e.g., skin or intestinal lining).

Smooth muscle

A type of muscle found in the walls of the stomach or intestines.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce $ATP$ and provide energy for the cell; they are particularly numerous in active muscle cells.

Nucleus

The organelle that controls the cell and contains $DNA$.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that modifies, packages, and secretes proteins.

DNA

A double-stranded molecule that stores genetic information and contains thymine.

RNA

A single-stranded molecule that helps make proteins and contains uracil.

CNS (Central Nervous System)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

The part of the nervous system that includes all nerves outside the $CNS$.

Nervous tissue

The type of tissue responsible for carrying nerve impulses.

Muscle tissue

The type of tissue responsible for movement.

Connective tissue

A type of tissue that supports and protects organs; examples include bone, blood, cartilage, adipose, and dense or loose connective tissue.

Tissue

A group of similar cells.

Neuron

The basic unit of the nervous system.

Ribosomes

The structures within the cell where protein synthesis occurs.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells.

Skeletal muscle

A type of muscle that is voluntary.

Cardiac muscle

A type of muscle found only in the heart.

ATP

An energy molecule produced in the mitochondria.