chapter 7 and 8 study guide

ligaments

dense connective tissue; links one bone to
another; provides additional strength and reinforcement to joint

tendons

structural component of skeletal muscle; dense
connective tissue; connects muscle to bone

bursa

synovial fluid-filled fibrous structure; minimizes
friction between moving parts of joint

tendon sheath

long bursa; surrounds tendons; protects
tendons as they slide across joint

bursitis

inflammation of bursa

Arthritis

inflammation of one or more joint

flexion

decreases angle between bones

Extension

increases angle between bones

Hyperextension

extension beyond anatomical position

Abduction

motion of body part away from midline of body

Adduction

motion of body part toward midline of body

Circumduction

freely moveable, distal end moves in
cone-shaped motion (circular

Opposition

thumb to move across palmar surface of hand

Depression

moves body part in inferior direction

Elevation

moves body part in superior direction

Protraction

moves body part in anterior direction

Retraction

moves body part in posterior direction

Inversion

plantar surface of feet face each other

Eversion

plantar surface of feet face outward

Dorsiflexion

angle between foot and leg decreases

Plantarflexion

angle between foot and leg increases

Supination

Hold a cup of soup; your hand is supinated

pronation

Pour it out when your hand pronates

the human skeleton consists of how many bones

206

how many bones in the axil skeleton

80

what’s the primary function of the axil skelton

provide support and protection for the brain, the spinal cord, and the organs in the ventral body cavity

how many bones in the appendicular skeleton

126

what is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton

facilitate movement of the human body

the axil Skelton consists of what bones

skull, Vertebral column, Thoracic cage

the appendicular Skelton consists of what bones

pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb

name 3 functions of joints

Enable movement , Provide stability , Allow long bones to lengthen

name the three structural classifications of joints

Fibrous joints,Cartilaginous joints, and Synovial joints

Fibrous joints

synarthroses or amphiarthroses
– held together by dense connective tissue without joint
space between articulating bones

Cartilaginous joints

synarthroses or amphiarthroses
– held together with cartilage without joint space

Synovial joints

have layer of hyaline cartilage on articulating surface of
each bone
– joint space is fluid-filled cavity between articulating bones

name three functional classifications of joints

• Synarthroses

• Amphiarthroses

• Diarthroses

Synarthroses

These joints are immovable, like the sutures found in the skull

Amphiarthroses

These joints allow for slight movement, such as the joints between the vertebrae.

Diarthroses

These joints are freely movable, like the shoulder or knee joints.

describe the articular capsule and its structure

a fibrous sac that encloses a freely movable joint, like the knee or hip.

what produces synovial fluid

the synovium

name and define the 3 types of arthritis

osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis.

what makes up the structure of the elbow

humerus, radius, and ulna

what makes up the structure of the shoulder

three bones, two joints, and various supporting soft tissues.

what makes up the structure of the knee

femur, tibia, patella

what is the structure of the hip

bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and muscles