chapter 1 review questions kinesiology

What is the paradox associated with youth sports participation?

beneficial. includes physical, social, and mental development. may lead to adverse health and social effects

What did Title IX do to the participation numbers for sports across the United States?

Total number of girls participating in sports increased drastically

What constitutes a catastrophic sports injury according to the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research (NCCSIR)?

either a direct result of participation (e.g., sustaining a neck fracture during a tackle in football) or an indirect result (e.g., suffering a systemic heatstroke during a cross-country run).

What are the three criteria necessary for an injury to be classified as such under the HS RIO program and NCAA’s Injury Surveillance Program (ISP)?

1. occurs as a result of participation in an organized intercollegiate practice or game

2. requires medical attention by a team athletic trainer or physician

3. results in restriction of the student athlete’s participation or performance for 1 or more days

Briefly describe two major problems that arise regarding the most commonly used definitions of sports injury.

1. The definition of time loss does not lend itself to an accurate reflection of the severity of the injury. Severity of injury determinations may be made by a variety of people

2. A related problem is that no standard is currently in use by all organizations monitoring sports injuries for the amount of time (i.e., hours, days, weeks, or months) that must be lost to qualify as a specific level of injury severity

Define and differentiate between acute and chronic forms of injury.

Acute: result from a traumatic event and have a rapid onset. Chronic: characterized by a slow, insidious onset, implying a gradual development of structural damage

What specific tissue types are involved in sprains and strains? How is the severity of these injuries defined, and how has it changed over time?

Sprains: injuries to ligaments; severity of sprains is highly variable depending on the forces involved. Strains: injuries to muscles, tendons, or the junction between the two

What makes a stress fracture unique when compared with other types of fractures?

Develops over a long time. occur when a bone is subjected to repeated episodes of overloading that exceeds its rate of recovery

What are the five types of Salter-Harris fractures?

1. complete separation of the epiphysis of the metaphysis

2. involves a separation of the epiphysis from the metaphysis as well as a fracture through a small part of the metaphysis

3. involves a fracture of the epiphysis

4. involves a fracture of both epiphysis and metaphysis

5. involves a crushing injury of the epiphysis without displacement

Define and differentiate between subluxation and luxation.

subluxation: occurs when the bones of a joint are only partially displaced. Luxation: occurs when the bones of a joint are totally displaced

What is the science of epidemiology?

study of the distribution of diseases, injuries, or other health states in human populations for the purpose of identifying and implementing measures to prevent their development and spread

Using the sports classification system presented in this chapter, what are the two classifications for the sport of basketball?

collison/contact

What are the most commonly injured areas of the body in tackle football at the high school level?

Lower extremity, strains and sprains. hip/thigh, knee,

What are the most common ways that tackle football athletes suffer fatal or catastrophic nonfatal injuries?

direct/indirect

How have head and neck injuries been reduced in tackle football over the years?

updating spearing rules, teaching proper tackling techniques,

What type of catastrophic injury seems to affect male basketball players more than other athletes?

ankle/knee sprains, concussions

What are two concerning injuries for both baseball and softball players caused by sports equipment and the trend to pitch or throw too much?

hand/wrist, concussions

What are the differences in the skin infections between high school wrestlers and collegiate wrestlers?

collegiate are more aware of diseases and maintain better hygiene than high schoolers.

What area of the body do volleyball athletes seem to injure the most?

ankle, face/head, hand/wrist/knee

What do we know about ACL injuries and their occurrence rate between male and female athletes?

women are more susceptible than men. 2-3x more likely

What is one of the major concerns regarding ACL injury and knee reconstruction surgery?

60% of people are more likely to get osteoarthritis

As a coach or parent, why should you be concerned about moveable soccer goals?

there have been deaths directly related to moveable goals. goals tipped over and struck victims

What is the major concern regarding female gymnastics relative to injury risk?

particularly ankle sprains, knee ligament tears (like ACL ruptures), and overuse conditions in the lower back and wrists

Why is cheerleading both a safer sport than many and also more dangerous?

it carries a disproportionately high risk for severe and catastrophic injuries when mishaps occur

Define sports specialization

the intense, year-round focus on a single sport to the exclusion of all other sports and physical activities

What are the six recommendations to preserve the psychosocial health and well-being of adolescent and young athletes?

1. need to dely single-sport specialization

2. participate in one team at a time

3. not play a single sport more than 8 months

4. limit the hours of participation

5. have recovery days

6. take a break and the end of the season

What does QMP stand for?

Qualified medical personnel