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Biodiversity

is the vast variety of life forms on Earth-from single-celled organisms to large multicellular organisms. It focuses on both structure and function.

Biotic

Living organisms (plants,animals, microorganisms)

Abiotic

Nonliving components (water, soil, climate)

1. Habitat loss and destruction

2. Alterations in ecosystem composition

3. Over-exploitation

4. Pollution and contamination

5. Global climate change

Threats to Biodiversity:

Biodiversity

is a vital element of a human being's nutrition because of its influence to food production.

Impact of Intensified Food Production

Practices like irrigation, fertilization, pesticide use, and introducing new crop varieties can harm biodiversity, affecting global nutritional status and human health.

Nutritional Composition

Differences in nutritional composition between foods and even among varieties, cultivars, or breeds of the same food can dramatically impact micronutrient availability in diets.

Healthy Local Diets

Maintaining high levels of biodiversity is important for local diets to

provide adequate average levels of nutrient intake.

Habitat and Species Impact

Habitat simplification, species loss, and species succession can increase

environmental vulnerabilities, which are linked to poor health outcomes

Environmental hazards

can increase the risk of cancer, heart disease, asthma, and many other illnesses.

Environmental hazards

• These hazards can be physical, such as pollution, toxic chemicals, and food contaminants.

• They can also be social, such as dangerous work, poor housing conditions, urban sprawl, and poverty.

Gene therapy

is a potential method to either treat or cure genetic-related human illnesses.

Human gene therapy

It was first realized in 1971 when the first recombinant DNA experiments were planned.

Somatic gene therapy

It involves the manipulation of genes in cells that will be helpful to the patient but not inherited to the next generation(Nimsergern, 1988)

Somatic Gene Therapy

Germ-Line Gene Therapy

Two types of gene therapy:

Sickle Cell Disease

a genetic disorder where red blood cells are shaped like crescents instead of circles. This causes pain, blockages in blood flow, and low oxygen levels in the body.

Germ-Line Gene Therapy

Involves the genetic modification of germ cells or the origin cells that will pass the change on to the next generation (Your Genome, 2017).

Preventing a genetic disorder

A couple carries a faulty gene that causes a serious blood disorder.

They want to make sure their future child does not inherit the disease.

Stem cells

are mother cells that have the potential to become any type of cell in the body.

embryonic stem cells

somatic stem cells

Stem cells are derived from different sources:

embryonic stem cells

are derived from a four- or five- day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development.

somatic stem cells

are cells that exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissue.