AP World 1.2 - Developments in Dar al-Islam (copy)

Islam

A monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, shaped by core beliefs and practices that have impacted societies in Africa and Asia.

Judaism

One of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, centered around the covenant between God and the Hebrew people.

Christianity

A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, emerged out of Judaism.

Abbasid Caliphate

The third Islamic caliphate, which succeeded the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 CE and established Baghdad as its capital.

Seljuk Empire

A medieval Turko-Persian empire that played a significant role in the history of Islam, originating from Turkic nomads.

Mamluk Sultanate

A political entity in Egypt established by former slave soldiers that became powerful in the medieval period.

Delhi Sultanate

A series of Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of India from the 13th to the 16th century.

Sufis

Islamic mystics known for their spiritual practices and emphasis on personal experience of the Divine.

House of Wisdom

An academic center in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate that became a hub for translation and scholarly work.

Dhimmis

Non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with protected status, often allowing them to practice their own religions.

Jizya

A tax imposed on non-Muslims in an Islamic state, serving as a substitute for military service.

A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah

One of the greatest women mystics in Islamic history, known for her poetry and Sufi teachings.

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

A prominent 13th-century Islamic scholar who made significant contributions to astronomy and mathematics.

Reconquista

The period of history in the Iberian Peninsula when Christian kingdoms sought to recapture territory taken by Muslims.

Golden Age of Islam

A period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam, marked by significant intellectual achievements.

Algebra

A branch of mathematics developed by Arab scholars, utilizing Indian numerical notation.

Mutazalites

An Islamic philosophical school that emphasized reason and rationality over revelation.

Ulama

Islamic scholars or jurists who interpret Islamic law (sharia) and theology.

Sufi Missionaries

Individuals who spread Islam through personal devotion, appealing to local beliefs and practices.

Battle of Talas River

A military conflict in 751 CE where Arab forces defeated the Chinese, hindering Chinese expansion into Central Asia.

Islamic Science

The body of knowledge in science, mathematics, and medicine developed and advanced in the Islamic world during the Golden Age.